Geothermal Heat Pumps A Z Session 1 Understanding

Geothermal Heat Pumps A - Z Session 1 Understanding Geothermal Heat Pumps and their Value to Utilities 2012 Illinois Geothermal Conference Peoria, IL February 28, 2012 Paul Bony Director Of Residential Market Development Climate. Master 1 Climate. Master

Introduction To Ground Source Heat pumps (GSHP) Subjects to be covered • • • 2 The history of GSHP How GSHPs Work Why GSHPs are of Value to Electric Utilities Climate. Master

Earth Energy – It’s Not New 3 • Earth energy system was first patented in Switzerland in 1912 • Residential system installed in Canada in 1950 Climate. Master Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, Geo. Xergy

Heat Pump Systems are Reliable Mr. Bill Loosley installed geothermal system in his home in Burlington, ON in 1950 4 Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, Geo. Xergy Climate. Master

Mr. Loosley’s System: 5 Belt drive compressor Air coil in old oil furnace Desuperheater added to hot water tank Climate. Master Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, Geo. Xergy

Heat Pump Systems are Reliable Compressor was initially powered by hand crank diesel motor… changed to electric motor (still being used!!) in 1953 when his wife couldn’t start it. 6 Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, Geo. Xergy Climate. Master

GSHP Basics 7 Climate. Master

Geothermal Heat Pump Systems combine Sun, Earth and Water using proven technology… … to create “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space -conditioning system” (according to U. S. EPA 1993) 8 Climate. Master

Geothermal System Components • • 9 Heat pump Ground loop Climate. Master

Heat Pumps Are All Around Us Air conditioners and air-source heat pumps transfer heat from inside houses to the air outside HEAT B B B 10 Refrigerators transfer heat from food into the kitchen Climate. Master

Heat Pump Components l l l 11 Compressor Refrigerant reversing valve Fluid heat exchanger – ground loop (Coax) Metering device – TXV Air heat exchanger – air coil Electrical Controls Climate. Master

Option 12 Climate. Master

Simple Concept l l Water moves energy better than air does Water in the ground provides renewable energy Typical water-refrigerant Heat Exchanger used in most GSHP equipment 13 Climate. Master 13

47% of the solar energy falling on our planet is absorbed by the Earth’s surface… 14 Climate. Master

… maintaining a nearly constant temperature throughout the year just below ground 15 Climate. Master

Earth is a better Energy Source 16 Climate. Master

The Earth is the Source of Heat in Winter… 72°F Outdoor air design temperature: -5°F 50°F A geothermal heat pump transfers underground heat into the building to provide heating 17 Climate. Master

…and an Efficient Place to Reject or Store Heat in Summer… 74°F Outdoor air design temperature: 95°F 50°F A geothermal heat pump transfers heat from the building into the ground to provide cooling 18 Climate. Master

…using Heat Pump Technology Geothermal heat pumps circulate water through a sealed underground piping loop where it is naturally warmed (or cooled) by the Earth 19 Climate. Master

Geothermal System Components Ground loop Three basic designs Horizontal Open Loop Vertical 20 Climate. Master

Vertical Closed-Loop Installation Drilling Pipe Loop Insertion Heat Fusing Inside Connection 21 Climate. Master

Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency 1 unit of energy from the grid Plus: 3 -5 units of “free” energy from the earth 22 Yields: 4 -6 units of energy for the building 400 -600% Efficient Climate. Master

Geothermal Equipment • The equipment keeps getting better • • • Fits load control and peak time pricing • • 24 “COP’s” (% efficiency) are reaching 5 (500%) Hybrid units can greatly reduce installation costs Can be tied to a gas furnace for load control Water to water units can support thermal storage for expanded peak clipping Climate. Master

Geothermal Heat Pumps Self-contained heating, cooling and hot water Climate. Master 25

Geothermal Heat Pumps are one of the Most Effective and Deployable Technologies… … producing the lowest carbon dioxide emissions, including all source effects, of all available space-conditioning technologies (EPA, 1993) 26 Climate. Master

27 Climate. Master

“Ground Source Heat Pumps offer the greatest potential for energy efficiency of any existing technology” (EPRI Dec 2009) 28 Climate. Master

Buildings Dominate U. S. Energy Use and Carbon Emissions with Heating, Cooling, and Water Heating being the Largest Contributors Thermal Loads Heating 9. 2% Cooling 4. 3% Hot Water 3. 8% Total 17. 3% ~ 20% of all U. S. Carbon Emissions 29 Climate. Master

HVAC Energy Use Comparisons Reduces energy consumption by 50% Conventional HVAC - Home Geothermal HVAC - Home 30 Climate. Master

Ordinary Furnace Efficiency 5 - 30% of Energy Lost (unusable energy) To Outdoors Through the Chimney 1 Unit Of Fuel Used To Generate Heat (Purchased) 31 Only 70 - 95% of Energy Purchased Gets Into the Home (usable energy) Climate. Master

Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency 1 unit of energy from the grid Yields: 4 -6 units of energy for the building Plus: 3 -5 units of “free” energy from the earth 32 400 -600% Efficient Climate. Master

Geothermal Heat Pumps Energy Savings - Residential 1300 Square Foot Habitat for Humanity Home Demonstrated Residential Savings… Climate. Master 33

Habitat for Humanity Average of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in 2007 47% Site Energy Savings Climate. Master 34

Demand Impacts l Each residential heat pump linked to geothermal system can reduce peak loads in (US DOE) l l l Residential (Electric Program) • • • 35 Summer by 1– 2 KW vs. AC Winter by 4– 8 KW vs. AAHP & ER Over 10 million residential consumers Assume just 1 KW reduction per installation 10, 000 MW demand reduction Climate. Master

Demand Impacts 36 GHP Value. 5 k. W/ ton Climate. Master

Demand Impacts Climate. Master is working with the Utility Geothermal Working Group and Oak Ridge National Lab to develop a national GSHP demand energy savings “map” using e. Quest (DOE 2) modeling for utility program managers. Max kw l 4. 00 3. 50 3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1. 50 1. 00 0. 50 0. 00 Austin TX model results 1 37 2 3 4 5 6 7 Month 8 9 10 11 12 Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Same Peak Time Climate. Master Proposed EER 18. 5 Baseline SEER 10

Demand Impacts 4 ton Geo vs. Conventional –Home Peaks – Denver Colorado 7. 00 Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Same Peak Time Avg. of 2. 1 kw savings 6. 00 Max k. W 5. 00 4. 00 3. 00 2. 00 1. 00 38 0. 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Month Proposed EER 17. 9 Baseline SEER 10 9 10 Climate. Master 11 12

Energy Savings - Commercial Demonstrated Commercial Buildings Savings 39 Climate. Master

A Tale of Two Buildings PROJECT RESULTS FROM: A “side by side” Comparison of a Ground Source Heat Pump System vs. Conventional HVAC System between two “identical” buildings. l 40 l Palo Alto, CA Oklahoma City, OK Climate. Master

Oklahoma City - Garrett Buildings Conventional 15, 000 sq ft Built in 1987 Conventional Roof Top VAV Building GHP 20, 000 sq ft Built in 1997 40 boreholes drilled 250 feet deep on 20 foot centers and 3/4 inch PE pipe 16 Ceiling Mounted Units 41 Climate. Master

Garrett Office Buildings Actual Metered Annual Energy Use 2006 -2007 47% Site Energy Savings 42 Climate. Master

Garrett Office Buildings Monthly Peak Demand 2006 -2007 35% Peak Demand Reduction 43 Climate. Master

Load Factor (4 yr Monthly Average) 50 45 40 35 30 Geothermal 25 Conventional 20 15 10 5 44 0 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Climate. Master Mar Apr

Palo Alto, California Buildings 45 Climate. Master

2183 and 2185 Park Blvd Buildings 46 l Two Stories l 10, 000 sq ft each l Built in the 1960 s Climate. Master

Palo Alto Buildings Energy Costs $12, 000 construction $10, 000 $8, 000 Geothermal $6, 000 Conventional $4, 000 $2, 000 47 $0 2001 2002 2003 Climate. Master 2004 2005 2006

Hourly Load Curve Sample 08/22/06 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 Geothermal Conventional 4000 3000 2000 1000 48 0 Midnight 4 am 8 am Noon Climate. Master 4 pm 8 pm

Proven Benefits: GSHP retrofit of 4, 000 buildings/homes at Fort Polk - 1994 Evaluation showed 33% k. Wh savings, 43% lower summer peak k. W demand, and improved load factor (0. 52 to 0. 62) ORNL/CON-460 @ www. ornl. gov/sci/ees/etsd/btric/ground-source. shtml Typical distribution feeder (16 in all) Army’s existing meter Current transducers on secondary leads to existing meter New recording watt meter, modem, and phone line Buried phone line to nearest pedestal 49 To recorder Climate. Master

Geothermal Heat Pumps l l 50 The difference in the before and after system efficiency = carbon emissions savings. 300, 000 GSHP retrofits could save approximately the carbon emissions of a 500 m. W coal plant (which serves 300, 000 +/- homes!) Climate. Master

Tri State Market l Kansas City, MO Vs. Louisville, KY l Kansas City – – l Louisville – – 51 4, 750 heating degree days 1, 325 cooling degree days 4, 610 Heating degree days 1, 443 cooling degree days Climate. Master

Tri State Market l US DOE Build America model home – – – l l GSHP with Desuperheater (TTS) Vs. Packaged Single Zone Unit with Gas Furnace – 52 2, 400 sq. feet 6 tons of heating & cooling Gas water heater – 10 SEER central AC 78 AFUE gas furnace Climate. Master

Tri State Market 53 Climate. Master

Tri State Market 54 Climate. Master

Tri State Market l Combined Electric & gas savings (site Btu) – Geo l l l – Conventional gas & AC l l l 55 l 25, 913 k. Wh X 3, 413 Btu/k. Wh = 88, 441, 069 Btu 7, 025, 000 gas Btus 95, 466, 069 annual Btus 19, 634 k. Wh X 3, 413 Btu/k. Wh = 67, 010842 Btu 194, 972, 000 gas Btus 261, 982, 842 annual Btus 63. 6 % annual savings – site Btu Climate. Master

Tri State Market 4. 5 k. W /. 8 k. W/ton 40% peak demand reduction 56 4 k. W/. 7 k. W per ton Climate. Master

Tri State Market 57 Climate. Master

Tri State Market 12. 00 Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Different Peak Time 10. 00 Max kw 8. 00 6. 00 4. 00 2. 00 58 0. 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Month Proposed EER 18. 5 Baseline SEER 10 9 10 11 Climate. Master 12

Tri State Market 59 Climate. Master

Tri State Market Monthly Electric Peak Demand Comparison at Same Peak Time based on conventional system 12. 00 10. 00 Max kw 8. 00 6. 00 4. 00 2. 00 0. 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Month 60 Proposed EER 18. 5 Baseline SEER 10 Climate. Master 12

Existing Housing Stock (# Homes) - 2005 Gas – 5. 3 million Electric – 1. 0 million Propane – 800 k Heat Pump – 400 k Oil – 200 k Other – 200 k Gas – 13. 1 million Electric – 1. 3 million Propane – 1. 1 million Heat Pump – 800 k Oil – 700 k Other – 700 k Gas – 5. 7 million Electric – 4. 3 million Propane – 800 k Heat Pump – 900 k Other – 400 k EIA 2005 Residential Energy Consumption Survey 61 Climate. Master

Geo Heat Pump Retrofits in Existing Homes - Example of Annual Energy and Carbon Savings Potential CO 2 – 8. 4 MMT Summer Peak – 1. 2 GW Winter Peak– 0. 8 GW Electric – 6. 3 Billion k. Wh Primary – 0. 12 quad Btu Geo Units – 0. 6 million Cost - $6 to $8 billion Savings - $1. 6 billion / yr Assumed Market Penetration: 25% of homes without access to natural gas 62 CO 2 – 10. 0 MMT Summer Peak – 1. 9 GW Winter Peak– 0. 3 GW Electric – 6. 8 Billion k. Wh Primary – 0. 14 quad Btu Geo Units – 1. 0 million Cost - $10 to $14 billion Savings - $2. 7 billion / yr CO 2 – 14. 4 MMT Summer Peak – 3. 1 GW Winter Peak– 9. 7 GW Electric – 25. 4 Billion k. Wh Primary – 0. 21 quad Btu Geo Units – 1. 5 million Cost - $15 to $21 billion Savings - $3. 3 billion / yr Climate. Master

Geothermal Heat Pumps are the Most Efficient way to convert Green Energy into Heating, Cooling and Water Heating Making the most effective use of this precious resource No Carbon Electricity = carbon free heating, cooling & water heating 63 Climate. Master

The payback on Geothermal Systems is many times faster than solar PV But…. Geo plus PV (or micro wind) can provide a zero energy home/building with no net off-site electricity or fossil fuel required 65 Climate. Master

Market Growth 66 Climate. Master

North American Geothermal Industry Shipments Single Family Residential - 63% of Total Continued Growth Despite a Slow Economy Climate. Master 67

GHP Market Growth l 68 Since their introduction in the 1980’s, over 1. 5 million geothermal heat pumps have been installed in the united states Climate. Master

Geothermal Heat Pump DOE Industry Roadmap Growth Goal 1 Million GHPs Annually by 2017 (39% CAGR) Results in 3. 3 million cumulative GHP installations by 2017 § 26 MMT annual CO 2 reduction § 520 MMT lifecycle CO 2 reduction over 20 yr GHP life Creates 100, 000 new jobs Conventional A/C and heat pump market is 6 to 8 million units annually 69 Climate. Master

Why All the Interest? 70 Climate. Master

Proven Technology • Millions of units installed world-wide in commercial and residential applications Most Energy-Efficient and Environmentally Friendly HVAC System Widely Available • Water is a better heat transfer medium than air • Heat exchange loops tap the renewable energy of the Earth 71 Climate. Master

No Fossil Fuel • Improves safety • Eliminates service lines, flues, outside air intakes • No site emissions Long Equipment Life • Factory sealed systems • Indoor installation – no exposure to the elements • Moderate compressor loading vs. air-source systems Self Contained Compact Units • Hidden within attics or installed in closets • No vandalism or theft concerns • Up-flow, horizontal, or down-flow single-package units • Split system and water-to-water units available • If outdoors • Better aesthetics • No noise 72 Climate. Master

Using a Single Geothermal Heat Pump is Equivalent to Planting an Acre of Trees 73 Climate. Master

The payback on Geothermal Systems is many times faster than solar PV 74 Climate. Master

Geothermal Systems can be Classified as: Solar Geothermal Renewable Alternative Demand-Side 75 Conservation Energy-Efficiency Zero-Ozone Depleting Environmentally Responsible Climate. Master

Heat Pump Energy Efficiency Take -aways 76 • Geothermal is the most efficient method of heating and cooling a home • Geothermal is both a renewable and energy efficient technology • Geothermal reduces utility peaks and improves load factor • There is no question – IT DOES WORK! Climate. Master

Thank You For Your Attention! Questions? If you ever need a hand you can reach me at: Paul Bony paulsbony@yahoo. com 77 970 -249 -8476 Climate. Master