GEOTHERMAL DIRECT HEAT UTILIZATION DISTRICT HEATING GREENHOUSE HEATING

GEOTHERMAL DIRECT HEAT UTILIZATION

DISTRICT HEATING

GREENHOUSE HEATING

SWIMMING, BATHING BALNEOLOGY

FISH FARMING

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP

(a) Categories of Capacity % for 2005 and (b) energy use in %, 2005 (Lund, Freeston and Boyd, 2005).

Summary of Worldwide Direct-Use Categories (Lund, Freeston and Boyd, 2005).

Summary of Worldwide Direct-Use Categories (Lund, Freeston and Boyd, 2005).

DISTRICT HEATING Distribution of hydrothermal water from one or more wells to several houses, buildings and blocks

DISTRICT HEATING • It is the largest sector of geothermal energy direct use in the world. • It involves the distribution of heat (hot water or steam) from a central location, through a network of pipes to individual houses or blocks of buildings. • Geothermal Heating Systems are in operation in at least 12 countries.

DISTRICT HEATING EXAMPLE-1

DISTRICT HEATING EXAMPLE-1

DISTRICT HEATING EXAMPLE-2

DISTRICT HEATING EXAMPLE-2

DISTRICT HEATING EXAMPLE-3

DISTRICT HEATING EXAMPLE-4

Degree-days = Number of days (Design room temperature-Daily mean temperature)

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP Heat Pump Technology • The Earth as a heat source and sink • Heating in winter and cooling in summer • In the USA and Europe

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP GHPs use the stable temperature of the ground; • as a heat source to warm buildings in winter • as a heat sink to cool buildings in summer • also for water heating by desuperheaters

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP The system includes three principal components: • Geothermal earth connection subsystem • Geothermal heat pump subsystem • Geothermal heat distribution subsystem

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP Earth Connection Subsystem • buried in the ground near the building • either vertical or horizontal • circulates a fluid (water, or a mixture of water and antifreeze)

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP A heat pump is a device which uses heat on a low temperature level, and transfer the heat to a higher, useful temperature level using an external driving force (mechanical energy or high-temperature heat)

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP A heat pump is a device which uses heat on a low temperature level, and transfer the heat to a higher, useful temperature level using an external driving force (mechanical energy or high-temperature heat) Heat flows naturally from a higher to a lower temperature. Heat pumps, however, are able to force the heat flow in the other direction, using a relatively small amount of high quality drive energy (electricity, fuel, or high-temperature waste heat). Thus heat pumps can transfer heat from natural heat sources in the surroundings, such as the air, ground or water, or from man-made heat sources such as industrial or domestic waste, to a building or an industrial application.

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP In order to transport heat from a heat source to a heat sink, external energy is needed to drive the heat pump. Because heat pumps consume less primary energy than conventional heating systems, they are an important technology for reducing gas emissions that harm the environment, such as carbon dioxide (CO 2), sulphur dioxide (SO 2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP Almost all heat pumps currently in operation are either based on a vapor compression, or on an absorption cycle.

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP VAPOR COMPRESSION

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP VAPOR COMPRESSION