Georg G Raffelt MaxPlanckInstitut fr Physik Mnchen Axions
![Axion Bounds [Ge. V] fa 103 ma 106 ke. V 109 e. V Tele](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0f7e387a2045f257f6a9e0d3879fbb22/image-11.jpg "Axion Bounds [Ge. V] fa 103 ma 106 ke. V 109 e. V Tele")
![Axion Bounds [Ge. V] fa 103 ma 106 ke. V 109 e. V Tele](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/0f7e387a2045f257f6a9e0d3879fbb22/image-24.jpg "Axion Bounds [Ge. V] fa 103 ma 106 ke. V 109 e. V Tele")
- Slides: 55
Georg G. Raffelt, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, München Axions Motivation, Cosmological Role and Astrophysical Limits 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, Universität Wien, Lecture, 24 University May. Vienna, 2011 4 Schrödinger 24 May 2011 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich th
CP Violation in Particle Physics Discrete symmetries in particle physics C – Charge conjugation, transforms particles to antiparticles violated by weak interactions P – Parity, changes left-handedness to right-handedness violated by weak interactions T – Time reversal, changes direction of motion (forward to backward) CPT – exactly conserved in quantum field theory CP – conserved by all gauge interactions violated by three-flavor quark mixing matrix v All measured CP-violating effects derive from a single phase in the quark mass matrix (Kobayashi-Maskawa phase), i. e. from complex Yukawa couplings v Cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry requires new ingredients M. Kobayashi T. Maskawa Physics Nobel Prize 2008 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Measurements of CKM Unitarity Triangle CKMfitter Group http: //ckmfitter. in 2 p 3. fr Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich UTfit Collaboration http: //www. utfit. org 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Kobayashi and Maskawa Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
The CP Problem of Strong Interactions Real quark mass Phase from Yukawa coupling Angle variable Remove phase of mass term by chiral transformation of quark fields Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Violates time reversal (T) and space reflection (P) symmetries Natural scale Experimental limit Limit on coefficient Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Dynamical Solution Peccei & Quinn 1977, Wilczek 1978, Weinberg 1978 CP-symmetry dynamically restored Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
The Pool Table Analogy (Pierre Sikivie 1996) Gravity Pool table Symmetric relative to gravity Axis Floor inclined Symmetry broken fa New degree of freedom Axion (Weinberg 1978, Wilczek 1978) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich Symmetry dynamically restored (Peccei & Quinn 1977) 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
33 Years of Axions Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
The Cleansing Axion Frank Wilczek “I named them after a laundry detergent, since they clean up a problem with an axial current. ” (Nobel lecture 2004) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Axion Bounds [Ge. V] fa 103 ma 106 ke. V 109 e. V Tele Experiments scope 1012 me. V CAST Direct searches Too much hot dark matter Globular clusters (a-g-coupling) Too many events 1015 ne. V ADMX CARRACK Too much cold dark matter (classic) Classic region Anthropic region Too much energy loss SN 1987 A (a-N-coupling) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Supernova 1987 A Energy-Loss Argument SN 1987 A neutrino signal Neutrino sphere Neutrino diffusion Volume emission of novel particles Emission of very weakly interacting particles would “steal” energy from the neutrino burst and shorten it. (Early neutrino burst powered by accretion, not sensitive to volume energy loss. ) Late-time signal most sensitive observable Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Diffuse Supernova Axion Background (DSAB) • Neutrinos from all core-collapse SNe comparable to photons from all stars • Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) similar energy density as extra-galactic background light (EBL), approx 10% of CMB energy density • DSNB probably next astro neutrinos to be measured Raffelt, Redondo & Viaux work in progress (2011) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Do White Dwarfs Need Axion Cooling? No axions White dwarf luminosity function (number of WDs per brightness interval) Isern, Catalán, García-Berro & Torres ar. Xiv: 0812. 3043 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Axion as a Nambu-Goldstone Boson Periodic variable (angle) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Creation of Cosmological Axions Axions are born as nonrelativistic, classical field oscillations Very small mass, yet cold dark matter Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Axion Cosmology in PLB 120 (1983) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Killing Two Birds With One Stone Peccei-Quinn mechanism • Solves strong CP problem • May provide dark matter in the form of axions Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Cosmic Axion Density Modern values for QCD parameters and temperature-dependent axion mass imply (Bae, Huh & Kim, ar. Xiv: 0806. 0497) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Cold Axion Populations Case 1: Inflation after PQ symmetry breaking Case 2: Reheating restores PQ symmetry Dark matter density a cosmic random number (“environmental parameter”) • Isocurvature fluctuations from large quantum fluctuations of massless axion field created during inflation • Strong CMB bounds on isocurvature fluctuations • Scale of inflation required to be small Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Inflation, Axions, and Anthropic Selection Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Lee-Weinberg Curve for Neutrinos and Axions Non-Thermal Relics CDM Thermal Relics HDM 10 me. V Neutrinos & WIMPs 10 e. V Thermal Relics HDM CDM 10 e. V Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 10 Ge. V 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Neutrino and Axion Hot Dark Matter Limits Credible regions for neutrino plus axion hot dark matter (WMAP-7, SDSS, HST) Hannestad, Mirizzi, Raffelt & Wong [ar. Xiv: 1004. 0695] 68% Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 95% 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Axion Bounds [Ge. V] fa 103 ma 106 ke. V 109 e. V Tele Experiments scope 1012 me. V CAST Direct searches Too much hot dark matter Globular clusters (a-g-coupling) Too many events 1015 ne. V ADMX CARRACK Too much cold dark matter (classic) Classic region Anthropic region Too much energy loss SN 1987 A (a-N-coupling) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
New BBN limits on sub-Me. V mass axions • Axions essentially in thermal equilibrium throughout BBN • e+e- annihilation partly heats axions missing photons • Reduced photon/baryon fraction during BBN • Reduced deuterium abundance, using WMAP baryon fraction Cadamuro, Hannestad, Raffelt & Redondo, ar. Xiv: 1011. 3694 (JCAP) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Creation of Adiabatic vs. Isocurvature Perturbations Inflaton field Axion field De Sitter expansion imprints scale invariant fluctuations Slow roll Reheating Inflaton decay matter & radiation Both fluctuate the same: Adiabatic fluctuations Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich Inflaton decay radiation Axion field oscillates late matter Matter fluctuates relative to radiation: Entropy fluctuations 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Power Spectrum of CMB Temperature Fluctuations Sky map of CMBR temperature fluctuations Multipole expansion Acoustic Peaks Angular power spectrum Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
CMB Angular Power Spectrum Purely adiabatic Purely isocurvature Hamann, Hannestad, Raffelt & Wong, ar. Xiv: 0904. 0647 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Parameter Degeneracies WMAP-5 + LSS Planck forecast Cosmic Variance Limited (CVL) Hamann, Hannestad, Raffelt & Wong, ar. Xiv: 0904. 0647 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Isocurvature Forecast Axion decay constant Hubble scale during inflation Hamann, Hannestad, Raffelt & Wong, ar. Xiv: 0904. 0647 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Experimental Tests of Invisible Axions Pierre Sikivie: Macroscopic B-field can provide a large coherent transition rate over a big volume (low-mass axions) • Axion helioscope: Look at the Sun through a dipole magnet • Axion haloscope: Look for dark-matter axions with A microwave resonant cavity Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Search for Solar Axions Axion Helioscope (Sikivie 1983) Primakoff production a g Sun Axion flux a N g Magnet S Axion-Photon-Oscillation Ø Tokyo Axion Helioscope (“Sumico”) (Results since 1998, up again 2008) Ø CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) (Data since 2003) Alternative technique: Bragg conversion in crystal Experimental limits on solar axion flux from dark-matter experiments (SOLAX, COSME, DAMA, CDMS. . . ) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Tokyo Axion Helioscope (“Sumico”) Moriyama, Minowa, Namba, Inoue, Takasu & Yamamoto PLB 434 (1998) 147 Inoue, Akimoto, Ohta, Mizumoto, Yamamoto & Minowa PLB 668 (2008) 93 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
CAST at CERN Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Sun Spot on CCD with X-Rays Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
90 min tracking result ROI „suspicious pressure“
Axion-Photon-Conversion Stationary Klein-Gordon equation for photons and axions in external transverse B-field Conversion probability Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Helioscope Limits CAST-I results: PRL 94: 121301 (2005) and JCAP 0704 (2007) 010 CAST-II results (He-4 filling): JCAP 0902 (2009) 008 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Next Generation Axion Helioscope I. Irastorza et al. , “Towards a new generation axion helioscope”, ar. Xiv: 1103. 5334 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Helioscope Prospects SN 1987 A Limits Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) Two-photon decay Gravitational light deflection Primakoff effect Bext Star Galaxy Magnetically induced vacuum birefringence Bext Vacuum Cotton-Mouton effect Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Photon Regeneration Experiment at DESY (ALPS) Ehret et al. (ALPS Collaboration), ar. Xiv: 1004. 1313 Recent “shining-light-through-a-wall” or vacuum birefringence experiments: • ALPS (DESY, using HERA dipole magnet) • BMV (Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intens, Toulouse) • BFRT (Brookhaven, 1993) • Gamme. V (Fermilab) • LIPPS (Jefferson Lab) • OSQAR (CERN, using LHC dipole magnets) • PVLAS (INFN Trieste) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Limits on Axion-Like Particles from Laser Experiments Limits on pseudoscalars, similar plot for scalars Ehret et al. (ALPS Collaboration), ar. Xiv: 1004. 1313 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Search for Galactic Axions (Cold Dark Matter) Dark matter axions Velocities in galaxy Energies therefore ma = 1 -100 me. V va 10 -3 c Ea (1 10 -6) ma Axion Haloscope (Sikivie 1983) Thermal noise of cavity & detector Microwave Resonator Q 105 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich Axion Signal Power Bext 8 Tesla Primakoff Conversion g a Cavity overcomes momentum Bext mismatch Microwave Energies (1 GHz 4 me. V) Frequency ma Power of galactic axion signal 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Axion Dark Matter Searches Limits/sensitivities, assuming axions are the galactic dark matter 3 2 1. Rochester-Brookhaven. Fermilab, PRD 40 (1989) 3153 1 2. University of Florida PRD 42 (1990) 1297 4 6 5 3. US Axion Search Ap. JL 571 (2002) L 27 4. CARRACK I (Kyoto) hep-ph/0101200 5. ADMX (US) foreseen RMP 75 (2003) 777 6. New CARRACK (Kyoto) K. Imai (Panic 2008) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
ADMX Hardware Gianpaolo Carosi, Talk at Fermilab (May 2007) 4 Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich th
SQUID Microwave Amplifiers in ADMX Gianpaolo Carosi, Talk at Fermilab (May 2007) 4 Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich th
ADMX phase I: First-year science data (2009) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
And if the axion be found? Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich Karl van Bibber at IDM 2008 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Fine Structure in the Axion Spectrum • Axion distribution on a 3 -dim sheet in 6 -dim phase space • Is “folded up” by galaxy formation • Velocity distribution shows narrow peaks that can be resolved • More detectable information than local dark matter density P. Sikivie & collaborators Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
CARRACK Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich Kenichi Imai 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
New CARRACK (Kyoto) Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
CARRACK Apparatus Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich Kenichi Imai 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Searching for Axions in the Anthropic Window Graham & Rajendran, ar. Xiv: 1101. 2691 Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Summary Georg Raffelt, MPI Physics, Munich 4 th Schrödinger Lecture, University Vienna, 24 May 2011
Simmel georg simmel "torrent"
Stars raffelt
Georg monn
Nova objektivnost
Georg heeg
Georg mündl
Georg brandes sædelighedsfejden
Profit and loss percentage formula
Gir rules
Georg grosz explosion
Moderne speichermedien
Gottfried benn kleine aster
Georg von boeselager schule
Georg simon ohm physiker
Emre alpagut
Gott der stadt gedicht
Georg böhmig
Georg sootla
Fba10
Hypercomputation
Georg viehhauser
Georg fridrih hendl
Georg pistotnik zamg
Edelwich brodsky és georg e. becker
Georg simon ohm vynálezy
Georg simon ohm
Feudalsamfundets opbygning
Georg simon ohm dibujo
Mendel monk
Martin georg hahn
Georg sootla
Georg gerber
Georg hoffstaetter
Cmpe 220
Georg simmel the metropolis and mental life
Hans georg ruhe
Meinhardinum
Georg fridrih hendl
Johann georg kill the hero
Georg poslawski
Georg lind
George simmel
Hans georg kern
Icef earth
Georg k
Hero patterns
Georg simmel die großstädte und das geistesleben
Ley de ohm formula
Georg verweyen
Georg heeg köthen
Georg thome
Hans georg van liempd
Meinhardinum stams klassenfotos
Carina georg
Georg fridrih hendl
Georg buscher
