Geometric isomer 403221 alkene 2 Geometric isomers 403221

������ Geometric isomer 403221 -alkene 2

Geometric isomers �� ������ 403221 -alkene 4

E-2 -pentene Z-3 -chloro-3 -hexene E-1 -bromo-1 -chloro-2 -fluoroethene E-3 -chloro-3 -hexene Z-1 -bromo-1 -chloro-2 -fluoroethene 403221 -alkene 6

������ . 1 Dehydrohalogenation ������ R-X 403221 -alkene 8

��������� dehydrohalogenation ��� E 2 • ���KOH ������ (alcoholic KOH) Na. OC 2 H 5/C 2 H 5 OH, Na. OCH 3/CH 3 OH Na. NH 2/ NH 3 • ������ • ����� C 2 H 5 OH, CH 3 OH 403221 -alkene 9

Saytzeff rule ��������� dehydrohalogenation ����������� alkene ����������� �� ������ alkene R 2 C=CR 2 > R 2 C=CHR > R 2 C=CH 2 > trans-RCH=CHR > cis-RCH=CHR > RCH=CH 2 > H 2 C=CH 2 403221 -alkene 10

. 2 Dehalogenation ��� vicinal dihalide 403221 -alkene 11

. 4 Reduction ������ Lindlar’s catalyst = Pd/Ca. CO 3 ����� Pd/Ba. SO 4 ���� Ni 2 B (P-2) ����� 403221 -alkene 13

������ Addition . 1 Hydrogenation 403221 -alkene 14

. 2 Electrophilic addition Electrophile (E+) reagent ������������ 2. 1 addition of HX ������ Markovnikov addition H+ ���� electrophile ������ C ����� H ������� 403221 -alkene 15

�� ����� 403221 -alkene 16

2. 2 addition of H 2 SO 4 2. 3 addition of H 2 O 403221 -alkene 17

2. 4 addition of X 2 �� ������� )anti-addition( 403221 -alkene 18

2. 5 addition of X 2 + H 2 O �������� anti-addition Markovnikov (Br, Cl ���� electrophile ( 403221 -alkene 19

2. 6 addition of alkene (dimerization( 403221 -alkene 21

2. 7 addition of free radical (HBr + peroxide( �� ����� (������� anti. Markovnikov( Br. radical ���� electrophile ����� C 403221 -alkene 22

2. 8 hydroboration - oxidation 403221 -alkene 23

. 3 Oxidation 3. 1 hydroxylation 403221 -alkene 24

3. 2 ozonolysis ������������� alkene 403221 -alkene 25

����� • ���������� a-pinene, A, B, C • ���������� propene ��� propane 1 -bromopropane ��� propane t-butyl alcohol ��� 2 -methylpropane 2 -bromobutane ��� 1 -bromobutane 403221 -alkene 26