Geology Name four geologic features Introduction to Geology

Geology • Name four geologic features

Introduction to Geology Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle

Three Types of Rocks • Sedimentary – Formed from the break down/erosion and deposition of organic material, igneous, metamorphic, or other sedimentary rocks dissolved in water – Ex. : Sandstone , Shale, and Limestone • Igneous – Materials extruded by volcanic activity then cooled – Ex. : Granite and Basalt • Metamorphic – Formed when sedimentary or igneous rocks are subjected to extreme heat and/or pressure that causes the rock crystals to be reshaped and changed in appearance – Ex. : Marble and Slate

The Rock Cycle

Rock Cycle

Rock versus Mineral • Minerals are solid and have a specific crystalline structure and chemical composition • Rocks are composed of a single or combination of minerals

Sedimentary Rocks • Shale • Sandstone • Limestone

Sedimentary Rock Formation

Igneous Rocks • Basalt • Obsidian • Granite – Mica, quartz, feldspar • Pumice

Igneous Rock Formation

Metamorphic Rock • Marble • Slate • Gneiss

Metamorphic Rock Formation

DFW Geology

Tectonic Plates • 15 Major tectonic plates

Past and Future • Pangea Ultima

Types of Plate Boundaries • Convergent – together • Divergent – apart • Transform – slide

Tectonic Plates

Convergent Plates – Himalayas/Tibetan Plateau (Indian and Eurasian Plates) – Andes (S. American and Nazca Plates)

Divergent Plates • East African Rift (Somali and Nubian Plates)

Transform Plates • San Andreas Fault (Pacific and N. American Plates)