Geologic Time Scale Bellwork Fri Feb 1 We

Geologic Time Scale Bellwork: Fri. Feb. 1. We are in the _______ era today. 2. The longest era was the __________ era 3. The era in which the dinosaurs lived was the _______ era. 4. The period in which the dinosaurs “ruled” was the ________ period.

Types of Evolution: Macroevolution: Changes in anatomy, phylog ny, ecology and behavior in many species over time Example: the many species of dinosaurs e Microevolution: changes within a single species over time. ex: the scarab beetle

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Through Quaternary, beetle species have moved far– from Britain to Tibet, for example. But Coope finds little evidence of beetles going extinct in great numbers. "They indicate that insect species show a remarkable degree of stability throughout the Ice Age climatic oscillations. ” Slide 5 of 20

Different organisms undergo adaptive radiation in different places or at different times but in similar environments. convergent evolution: when unrelated organisms come to resemble one another. Results in analogous structures. Slide 6 of 20

Australian Marsupial moles provide a remarkable example of convergent evolution. Although only related to other moles in that they are all mammals, the external similarity is an extraordinary reflection of the similar evolutionary paths they have followed. Slide 7 of 20

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Divergent evolution: the accumulation of differences between groups forming new species, after species splits and lives in isolated environments. kidding Slide 9 of 20

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Adaptive radiation when a single species or a small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways. Slide 13 of 20

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Adaptive Radiation of Mammals Slide 15 of 20

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Sometimes organisms that are closely connected to one another by ecological interactions evolve together. Coevolution: process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time Slide 17 of 20 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=-h 8 I 3 cqpgn. A

Punctuated equilibrium: pattern of evolution of long stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change. Slide 18 of 20

Gradualism: slow and steady change in organisms over time. Slide 19 of 20

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Which is it? Punctuated or Gradualism Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 21 of 20

Gradualism is slow and steady Punctuated equilibrium is brief and rapid Slide 22 of 20

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Darwin felt that biological change was slow and steady, an idea known as gradualism. Slide 24 of 20

19 -1, 2 use your notes and (read ) pgs. 538 to 552 Relative dating: page 540 Radiometric dating: page 540 Half lfe (half life): pages 540 545? ? ? ? An answer Turn this in today!!!!!!! Slide 25 of 20

Relative Dating: establish the relative ages of rock layers with Index fossils If the same index fossil is found in two widely separated rock layers, the rock layers are probably similar in age. Slide 26 of 20

Radiometric Dating Relative dating is important, but provides no information about a fossil’s absolute age in years. One way to date rocks and fossils is radiometric dating. Radiometric dating relies on radioactive isotopes, which decay, or break down, into nonradioactive isotopes at a steady rate. Radiometric dating compares the amount of radioactive to nonreactive isotopes in a sample to determine its age. Slide 27 of 20

Types of relationships Slide 28 of 20

Symbiotic relationship Ants and Acacia tress Ants, caterpillars and acacia Beltian bodies thorns nectaries Slide 29 of 20

How is it a mutual relationship? Ants provide tree services too! Attack herbivores, chew up nearby trees so Acacias aren’t in shadows. Tree provides ants- nectar food, thorns for nest, protein rich Beltian bodies (on leaf tips) Slide 30 of 20

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Population Growth When Darwin read Malthus’s work, he realized that this reasoning applied to plants and animals. If all the offspring of almost any species survived for several generations, they would overrun the world. This information was central to Darwin’s explanation of evolutionary change. Slide 32 of 20

Speciation and Extinction Grand transformations in anatomy, phylogeny, ecology, and behavior—which usually take place in clades larger than a single species—are known as macroevolutionary patterns. The ways new species emerge through speciation, and the ways species disappear through extinction, are both examples of macroevolutionary patterns. The emergence, growth, and extinction of larger clades, such as mammals or dinosaurs, are also macroevolutionary patterns. Slide 33 of 20

Developmental Genes and Body Plans Hox Genes are the master control genes of body layout. Evolution of Wings in Insects Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 34 of 20

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