Geography of Africa Continent of Africa compared to

Geography of Africa

Continent of Africa compared to Continental US

Hemispheres How many hemispheres is Africa in?

What is the main religion in Africa?

Outline the 5 Regions of Africa

Northern Africa

Western Africa

Central Africa

Eastern Africa

The Horn of Africa

Southern Africa

Cape of Good Hope The Cape of Good Hope was originally named the Cape of Storms by Portuguese explorer Bartholomew Dias in 1488. Dias became the first European to travel around the tip of Africa. The Cape was renamed the Cape of Good Hope by Portugal's King John II because it allowed an easier trade route with India The Cape of Good Hope has a reputation for being the southernmost tip of Africa, but the most southern point is actually Cape Agulhas, the official division between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

Gold Coast

Colonialism

Liberia, "land of the free, " was founded by free African-Americans and freed slaves from the United States in 1820. An initial group of 86 immigrants, established a settlement in Christopolis (now Monrovia, named after U. S. President James Monroe) on February 6, 1820. Thousands of freed American slaves and free African-Americans arrived during the following years, leading to the Republic of Liberia on July 26, 1847.

Bodies Mediterranean Sea Of Re a Se Nile River Nig er <--G Riv L. Chad--> er den of A ulf Label: Mediterranean Sea Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Congo River Niger River Nile River Zambezi River d Water r L. e. Albert--> iv R o ng L. Victoria o C L. Tanganyika-> Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Zambezi River Limpopo River Orange River Pacific Ocean

The Congo River Basin • 90 inches of rain yearly • Because of the heat around the equator, it is home to hippos, manatees, snakes, crocs, tortoises, pigs, elephants, mosquitos • The grasslands are home to buffalo, antelope, zebras, gazelles, and giraffes. • People grow peanuts, cotton, tobacco, sugarcane • Transportation for people and goods, but gas-powered engines have added pollution.

The Niger River Basin #11 th largest river in the world #Oil is one of the main sources of income from this river. #Irrigation spreads the river to the delta #Hydroelectric dams provide power and protect against flooding

The Nile River Basin (Longest River in the World) Geography for the Nile River valley was important for early civilization. The Nile would flood each year starting July – Nov. This flood would provide with new, rich soil and wash away waste. Along with this, the seas around it provided protection from war and disease.

Mountains & ts. M s a Atl Peaks Label: Mt. Kenya Mt. Kilimanjaro Δ Mt. Kenya ri zo en w Ru Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro . ts M. g Dr aj ur b s en ts M

Mt. Kilimanjaro: Snow on the Equator? • Tallest mountain in the world • Composed of 3 extinct volcanoes: Kibo, Mawenzi, & Shira • Kibo may be completely gone within 20 years due to the melting glaciers • 25, 000 people a year attempt to climb the mountain

Deserts With the help of the next slides, Shade: Sahara Desert Sahel Desert Kalahari Desert Libyan Desert Sahara Desert Sahel ib D Nam rt ese hari Kala rt e Des

Sahara Desert • 5 -25 mm rainfall annually • 80 – 122 degrees farenheit! • Extremely windy: hot, dustfilled winds create dust devils which make temperatures feel hotter. • 70 species of mammal • 90 species of birds • 100 species of reptiels

Desertification NOT the advance of deserts IS the process of land degradation Caused by population & poverty: Overgrazing Cultivation of high-risk lands Destruction of plants for fuel Incorrect irrigation Effect: Water is lost off the land rather than soaking in Protective plants disappear Further desertification Fix: Mulching Teaching

The Sahel means “edge” or “shore” of the desert. It is a belt of semiarid grassland that divides (or joins): the sands of the Sahara and tropical forests. Arabs and blacks, Muslims and Christians, nomads and farmers, a land of green and a world of tan. Some 50 million of the world’s poorest, most disempowered, most forgotten people hang fiercely on to life there.

Kalahari Desert �Means “The Great Thirst” �Not actually a Desert �World’s Largest Sand Basin �San bushman home for 20, 000 years (depicted in The Gods Must be Crazy, 1980) �Antelopes, hyenas, lions, giraffes, meerkats �Diamond mines

Great Rift Valley • 4, 000 -mile crack in the earth's crust • Greatest rupture on Earth’s surface • Contains lowest place below sea level: Afar Depression, 510 ft below sea level • Includes Africa’s tallest mtn: Kilimanjaro • Some of the world’s deepest lakes • Can be seen from the moon • Many hot springs • Flamingos, gorillas, giant mole rats

Other maps of Rift Valley

The “Tropical” Continent Tropic of Cancer 20° N Draw & Label: Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Equator 0° Tropic of Capricorn 20° S

African Trade Winds

Vegetation Zones Color & Key: Deserts Grasslands Tropical Forests Mediterranea n

The African Savannah: 13 million sq. mi.

African Rain Forest # Annual rainfall of up to 17 ft.

as Atl a Sahel Nig er Riv L. Chad--> er of A ulf Great <--G Rift V alley Nile River Equator 0° ori ese hari Kala rt e. Limpopo River Des Orange River Mts. rg bu s n aje Dr Pacific Ocean rt Tropic of Capricorn 20° S Zambezi River Indian Ocean s. Mt ib D Nam Atlantic Ocean nz L. Tanganyika-> we Ru Co den L. Albert--> r Δ Mt. Kenya ve i R o ng L. Victoria Δ Mt. Kilimanjaro Of AFRICA Se Sahara Desert Complete Topography Libyan Desert d Tropic of Cancer 20° N Mediterranean Sea Re The s. Mt

Natural Resources

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