Geography Knowledge Organiser Topic Settlement 1 Settlement A

Geography Knowledge Organiser – Topic: Settlement 1 Settlement A place where people live 2 Hamlet A settlement made up of a few houses, usually in a rural area 16 Suburbs An area of the city that is mostly residential with schools and shops. It also has good transport links to the CBD 17 Population density The average number of people per square kilometre (KM 2). 3 Settlement hierarchy A way of arranging settlements based on their population/ size 4 Site The place where a settlement is built 18 Temporary A settlement that is only there for a period of time 5 City A place which has a historic centre as well as a many important features such as a cathedral and university 19 Permanent A settlement that is there all the time 20 Urbanisation An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas 21 Migration The movement of population from one place to another 22 Rural to urban migration The movement of people from countryside to city areas 23 Million city A city with at least a million inhabitants 6 Densely populated A place where lots of people live 7 Sparsely populated A place where few people live 8 Nucleated A type of settlement pattern where houses are clustered together 9 Dispersed Where houses are scattered across a large area. Normally found in rural areas 24 Mega city A city with 10 million or more people e. g. Tokyo, New York 10 Linear When houses/ buildings are formed along a line 25 World city A city of global importance e. g. London, New York 11 CBD Central Business District – the city centre. Usually where shops and offices are – few residential buildings 26 Push factor Any event or factor that makes somebody move from a place e. g. civil war 12 Rural Countryside 27 Pull factor Is a feature that makes some body want to migrate to a place e. g. better educational opportunities 13 Urban A built-up area such as a town or city 28 Population The number of people living in a place 14 Conurbation An extended urban area. When the city and towns merge together 29 Greenfield site Previously undeveloped site 15 Function The activities that take place in a settlement 30 Brownfield site Site for potential development, that has had previous development on it

Settlement hierarchy A hierarchy is about putting things in order: Size Importance Age Population Number of shops and services Shanty towns The fact that cities in LEDCs are growing rapidly means that conditions can be poor. A township in South Africa Some of the worst conditions are found in the shanty towns on the edge of the city, near the CBD or along main transport routes. They tend to be unplanned and are often illegal. Houses are self-built using basic materials and shanty towns have few services. Problems in shanty towns Overcrowding - the settlement has a high population density. Overpopulation - the area does not have enough resources to support the growing population. Competition for jobs - jobs are in short supply. Disease - poor sanitation and limited health care cause the spread of disease. Lack of space - the newest and poorest arrivals may be forced to live on the worst quality land. Infrastructure - services are poor, public transport is limited and connections to the electricity supply can be limited and sometimes dangerous. Burgess Model This model is based on the idea that land values are highest in the centre of a town or city. This is because competition is high in the central parts of the settlement. This leads to high -rise, high-density buildings being found near the Central Business District (CBD), with low-density, sparse developments on the edge of the town or city. Hoyt Model Another urban model is the Hoyt model. This is based on the circles on the Burgess model, but adds sectors of similar land uses concentrated in parts of the city. Notice how some zones, eg the factories/industry zone, radiate out from the CBD. This is probably following the line of a main road or a railway.