Geography After the Battle of Corinth in 146

Geography After the Battle of Corinth in 146 BCE, Roman was in complete control of the region. Greek was one of the Roman Empire’s colonies 146 BCE

Geography

Geography

Geography

Geography

Geography

Geography

Geography

Government & Social Structure Government: - The residents have to pay landlord rent and Roman government tax. - The pay the tax on whatever they produce.

Religion - Deeply religious people - Polytheism - Believed the gods and goddesses & goddesses had human qualities - Believed that gods and goddesses controlled everything in their lives and the environment

Religion Temple - Built temples in every town for one gods or goddesses - For ordinary to pray in - Parthenon

Religion Priests - Important people - Believed have the power to talk to the gods and so were respected and trusted - 2 ways to be priests - Mother or father was a priest - Made a priest by a dying priest - Main job was to look after the temples and the visitors to the temples

Religion Gods - Believed that all the gods came from Gaia (the Earth) and Uranos (the sky) - Ex. Zeus, Poseidon , Hades , Aphrodite , Ares , Apollo, Athena, Hermes - The 12 Olympians : 12 Gods - Mt. Olympus : The place which 12 Olympians live in.

Religion Myth = stories about god - Oracle : A religious custom where people asked the Oracle questions or sought advice - Delphi : A city to the west of Athens - The association between Oracle and Delphi : Delphi is the city which is famous in the Oracle. People usually ask the Oracle for advice from the god.

Religion Family tree of gods and goddesses The 12 Olympians

Rise & Fall Even though Greece was under Roman control, that doesn’t mean it fell. It went on until the east Roman Empire became Byzantine Empire. During the Greco Roman period, Roman culture was highly influenced by the Greeks and Romans copied many things from Greek such as arts, architecture, religion, language, inventions.

Rise & Fall - Greece, initially economically devastated, began to rise economically. Corinth became the capital of the new province of Achaea, while Athens prospered as a center of philosophy and learning. - Greece became a major crossroads of maritime trade between Rome

Military & Warfare - Each city relied on own citizens to fight in armies - Battles were fought between large formation of hoplites - Cavalry played a comparatively minor role - Weapons: spear, large shield, helmet, sword Phalanx = rectangular formation consists of heavily armed hoplites standing shoulder to shoulder

Military & Warfare Formation - Line up in deep row locking shield together - The first few lines project spears out over the shield - Created a mass spear and sheild wall Success or Failure - Effectiveness depends on how well hoplites could maintain formation - Tendency during battle usually drift toward right Weakness: flanks weren’t well protected (weak spot)

Military & Warfare Phalanx formation While fighting (pushing)

Language Latin and Greek were the dominant language of this period, but they prefer using Latin more than Greek.

Art Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation. Fabulous sculptures of classical stage show realism and mastery reached as for example the “discus thrower” made by the artist Myron and last stage classic artwork” The Barberini Faun” (of an extreme realism)

Art Masks - Tragedy masks carry pained expression - Comedy masks were smiling and leering - They enabled an actor to appear and reappear in different roles

Architecture - Use simple post-and-lintel building techniques - Greek architects were forced to employ a great many more stone columns to support short horizontal beams overhead - Rectangular building was surrounded by column on 4 sides or more rarely at the front and rear only

Architecture Types of column: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

Inventions Tower of the Winds - The most famous signs of Athen - It was constructed around 50 B. C. - The structure features a combination of sundials, a clock tower, and a wind vane - Made by Andronicus Cyrrhestes

Inventions Odometer - Used for indicating distance traveled by a vehicle - Described around 27 -23 B. C. by Marcus Vitruvius - Hero of Alexandria also described it in Chapter 34 of Dioptra

Inventions Vending Machine - Hero of Alexandria invented a vending machine - 10 CE - Put the coin to make the sacred water flow out.

Famous People Ptolemaic Egypt: - Cleopatra III - Berenike III - Cleopatra V - Ptolemy XIII - Cleopatra VII - Ptolemy XIV - Ptolemy XV

Famous People Asia Minor: - Demetrios II - Antiochos VI - Seleukos VI - Philip II - Nikator - Epiphanes

Sulla 138 BCE - 78 BCE

Timeline 146 BCE: Roman won the Battle of Corinth, Greece is ruled by Rome 88 BCE - 63 BCE: Mithridates of Pontus fights three wars to free Greece from Rome 86 BCE: The Roman general Sulla sacks Athens and the port of Piraeus 42 BCE: Octavian and Antony defeat Republicans under Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi (Greece) 31 BCE: Marc Antony and Cleopatra move to Greece

Timeline 31 BCE – 180 CE: The Pax Romana 257 CE - 263 CE: The Goths raid Greece. 267 CE: The Goths sack Athens, Corinth, Sparta, and Argos. 286 CE: Emperor Diocletian divides Roman Empire in two parts 330 CE: Became part of the Byzantine Empire

Thank you