Geographical Information System GIS By Yahia Dahash 442006
Geographical Information System GIS By: Yahia Dahash 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash
Definition • GIS is a computer system which has the ability to use data functions that describe a location on the Earth’s surface • GIS is a system using and handling the geodatabase to get the same information but more beneficial and flexible • GIS work is summarized by capture, display, query, analyze, store and output of geodatabase and descriptive data 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 2
What are the questions that GIS can answer • What is there at a specific location? (location name – coordinate) • What are the conditions in this location? (what is the distance – where it exists) • What has changed over time? (spatial – time) • What are the existing spatial patterns? What is the cause for extension of limited phenomenon? (drought – salty) • What are the decisions for problem solution in the location and what the effects on the neighborhood and environment 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 3
GIS composition People Hardware Data GIS Software 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash Procedures 4
Components of geographic data • • Geometry: A location of geographic features on the earth’s surface Attributes: Descriptive information about features Behavior: Special behavior for each features Capturing data – – Hardcopy maps Digital data Coordinates GPS • Dealing with geodatabase – Points: For example, water well – city - exchange electricity center – Lines: For example, roads – rivers - water canales – Polygon: For example, region – area - lakes - boundary 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 5
GIS functions • Display v Maps v Graphs v Reports • Output • Store v v Paper map Internet Image Document v Vector formats: Discrete representations of reality v Raster formats: Use square cells to model reality • Query • Analyze v Identify specific features v Identify features based on conditions v Proximity v Overlay v Network 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 6
What is Arc GIS Desktop? • Arc GIS Desktop includes a suite of integrated applications: v. Arc Map v. Arc Catalog v. Arc Toolbox • Using these three applications together, you can perform any GIS task, simple to advanced, including mapping, data management, geographic analysis, data editing, and geoprocessing 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash
Arc Catalog • The Arc Catalog application helps you organize and manage all of your GIS data. • It includes tools for browsing and finding geographic information, recording, viewing, and managing metadata, quickly viewing any dataset, and defining the schema structure for your geographic data layers. 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 8
Arc Map • Arc Map is the central application in Arc GIS Desktop. • It is the GIS application used for all map-based tasks including cartography, map analysis, and editing. • In this application, you are work with maps. • Maps have a page layout containing a geographic window, called a data frame, with a series of layers, legends, scale bars, North arrows, and other elements. • Arc Map offers different ways to view a map. a geographic data view and a layout view. in which you can perform a broad range of advanced GIS tasks. 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 9
Arc Toolbox • Arc Toolbox is a simple application containing many GIS tools used for geoprocessing. • There are two versions of Arc Toolbox: Ø The complete Arc Toolbox that comes with Arc Info. Ø A version that comes with Arc View and Arc Editor. • Note: Arc Map, Arc Catalog, and Arc Toolbox are designed to work together to perform all GIS tasks. – For example, you can search for and find a map document in Arc Catalog, then double-click it to open it inside Arc Map. You can then edit and enhance your data through the tools available in the Arc Map editing environment. – Once you have created new geographic information using these three applications, you can record metadata for the resulting datasets using Arc Catalog. 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 10
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What can I do to produce a digital map? 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 12
What is the information I want to present in a digital map? 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 13
How can we show 2004 -data of olive production in a digital map? 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 14
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 4/4/2006 Yahia Dahash 15
- Slides: 15