GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS Legal Systems for Protecting GIs Astana

GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS Legal Systems for Protecting GIs Astana, Kazakhstan, 8 December 2016 Daniel C. Crosby

Protecting GIs – International Regime • Paris Convention (1883) • Madrid Agreement (1891) • Madrid Agreement and Protocol (1891, 1989) • Lisbon Agreement (1958) • Bilateral Agreements • WTO / TRIPS Agreement (1994) • Revised Lisbon Agreement (2015)…

Legal Systems for Protecting GIs • Sui generis protection • Trademarks • Collective and certification marks • Combinations of the above

Requirements for sui generis protection General requirement to qualify for sui generis registration and protection need to describe: • geography of production; • product’s characteristics, quality or reputation; • standards of production … and production verification and control

Sui generis protection EU • India • Switzerland • Andean Community • ― Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru

Sui generis protection - EXAMPLES Saryagash mineral water • Akzhayik mineral water • Borjomi mineral water • Parma Ham • Cognac • Champagne • Parmigiano regionatto • Colombian coffee • Darjeeling •

Sui generis protection - EXAMPLES

Sui generis protection - EXAMPLES

Trademark protection Multilateral standards of protection • Basic requirements to afford trademark protection: • • • No use in the course of trade by third parties, without the owner’s consent, of identical or similar signs for identical or similar goods, where use would result in “likelihood of confusion”

Trademark - EXAMPLES

Trademark - EXAMPLES

Collective and certification marks • Australia • Canada • China • USA

Collective and certification marks • “Holder” of right • “Certifies” use according to set standards • Protected under trademark law

Collective marks - EXAMPLES

Collective marks - EXAMPLES

Certification marks - EXAMPLES

Certification marks - EXAMPLES

Combination - EXAMPLES

Combination - EXAMPLES

Combination - EXAMPLES

Public policy and competition issues • Some countries / producers are making an effort to balance the right to use names of products that have become “common names”. • How do names become common or generic? • Is there a right to object to the registration of geographical names that are widely used?