Geographic Information Systems Cloud GIS Cloud Computing The
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Geographic Information Systems Cloud GIS
Cloud Computing ► The use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over the Internet ► The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol to represent the complex infrastructure it contains in system diagrams
Cloud Computing ► Traditionally people rely on their own personal computers for every task, but - PCs have limited processing capacity - The utilization of personal computers is low ► A new trend in information technology, moving software from personal computers to the Internet
e. g. Flickr Upload and manage photos online ► Share photos with family and friends ► Post photos everywhere on the web ►
Cloud Computing. . ► Cloud services are the use of computer resources (hardware and software) in cloud systems ► One may rent cloud services, such as editing, managing, and sharing photos, the same way as one rents textbooks from bookstores
Web-GIS Clients Server(s) Internet or Intranet Optional Separate data storage Data
► A cloud system is like a giant centralized server
Cloud Computing. . ► Like power plants that deliver electricity to customers through power grids ► Cloud systems deliver computing resources to end users through the internet Power Plants Power Grids Customers
History of Cloud Computing ► The term ‘cloud’ is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the cloud-like symbol used in the past to represent the telephone network http: //www. gartner. com/it/page. jsp? id=707508
History. . ► The concept of cloud computing dates back to 1961, when Prof. John Mac. Carthy predicted that ‘computation may someday be organized as a public utility. ’ http: //www. complush. com/internet-network-connection/ ► In 1991, Salesforce. com, one of the first movers in cloud computing, introduced the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website
History. . ► ► In 2002, Amazon launched its cloud service Google brought cloud computing to the forefront of public consciousness by introducing Google Docs in 2006 http: //www. cloudtweaks. com/2011/02/a-history-of-cloud-computing/
History. . ► In the following years, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and a host of companies joined cloud computing http: //eatenbylinux. files. wordpress. com/2011/05/cloud-computing-providers. jpg
Cloud Computing Models Software as a Service (Saa. S) ► Platform as a Service (Paa. S) ► Infrastructure as a Service (Iaa. S) ►
Cloud System. . http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Cloud_computing. svg
Software as a Service (Sa. S) ► Cloud providers operate application software in the cloud and users access the software from the client side ► Users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform on which the application is running
Software as a Service (Sa. S) ► This eliminates the need to install and run the application on the user's own computers ► e. g. Flickr, Google Docs, Siri, Amazon Cloud Drive…
Platform as a Service (Paa. S) ► Cloud providers deliver a computing platform, including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, etc.
Platform as a Service (Paa. S) ► ► Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing their own hardware and software e. g. Google App Engine, Amazon Web Services
Infrastructure as a Service (Iaa. S) ► Providers offer computers, as physical or more often as virtual machines, and other resources ► Developers and IT organizations do not need to purchase expensive computers and equipment, but pay for computer infrastructure-like utilities from cloud service providers (“pay as you go”) ► e. g. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC 2)
Popular Could Systems ► Popular cloud systems include: Flickr, Google Docs, and Amazon Cloud Drive ► They perform the functions that were traditionally done with software installed on personal computers
Google Docs A cloud based online Office suite ► Process Word docs, Excel, and PPT slides ► Allows one to create, edit, and share docs online using web browsers on any devises ►
Amazon Cloud Drive A personal hard drive in a cloud system ► Allows users to upload and download files through web browsers ► Comes with web apps with which users can read books or play music on the cloud drive ►
Siri A personal assistant app comes with i. Phone (location-based service) ► One can use voice to send messages, schedule meetings, and place phone calls ► http: //www. apple. com/iphone/features/siri. html
. . Vo i ce ile lf ta Vo ic e i ig D In s tr uc t io ns Cloud Servers http: //www. apple. com/iphone/features/siri. html
Characteristics of Cloud Computing ► Multi-tenancy - Resources in cloud systems can be shared among a large number of users - Improve the efficiency of cloud systems and save cost for cloud service providers
Characteristics. . ► Scalability - Even when the total work load for a cloud system increases dramatically, the system could improve its capacity by adding more hardware to handle the increased load
Characteristics. . ► Elasticity - A cloud system only delivers the minimum amount of computing resources that meet users’ need - The amount of resources provided to users increase when they need more, and decrease when they need less. Users only pay for what they consumed
Characteristics. . ► Device independent - Users can utilize cloud services using whatever device they have, should it be a laptop, an i. Pad, or a smart phone, as long as they have access to the Internet
Characteristics. . ► Low cost - Users do not need to purchase expensive computers to perform tasks that need high performance computing - Much like rent a book from the UB bookstore or borrow one from the UB library. One spend only a fraction of the cost of buying the book
Characteristics. . ► Reliability - Multiple redundant sites are used in cloud systems. There always backups available when one or more sites are down
Issues in Cloud Computing ► Security and Privacy - Hackers and malicious insiders may hack into users’ cloud accounts and access sensitive data stored in cloud systems - Companies hosting cloud services have full control on users’ data. They may intentionally collect personal information for personalized ads
GIS and Cloud Computing ► You create a beautiful map using Arc. GIS and want to share it with friends ► You can definitely email it if the size of the map is small. What if your map file is 600 MB, too large to send via email? ► Even if your friends get your map, do they have access to Arc. GIS to display a shape file?
Cloud GIS. . ► How about using GIS services in cloud systems? ► Arc. GIS online (arcgis. com). Create or upload your map to Arc. GIS online and share it with your friends with a few simple clicks
Cloud GIS. . ► Problems in desktop GIS - Data intensive. The size of GIS files can be hundreds of MB or more - Computation intensive. Spatial analysis, such as buffer and network analysis, may take an extensive amount of time - GIS software is mostly expensive. Individual users and small organizations can not afford commercial GIS software
Cloud GIS. . ► GIS in cloud systems - Anything that needs a large storage space or high performance computing can be handled easily by cloud systems - Users only pay a small amount of money for GIS services in cloud systems
Cloud GIS Examples ► Google Maps Powered by a cloud system, Google maps allow users to perform many tasks, such as exploring maps, finding places, getting directions and more. All these could be done with a web browser http: //maps. google. com/
Examples. . ► Arc. GIS Mobile - Extend Arc. GIS to i. Pads and i. Phones - Access GIS data on mobile devices - Collect and edit GIS data using GPS in mobile devices http: //www. esri. com/library/brochures/pdfs/arcgis-for-mobile. pdf
Research Topics in Cloud GIS Cloud computing tools, methods, technologies, and application research and development ► Communication and performance analysis of Cloud computing ► ► Geospatial applications onto Cloud platforms Studies of how to ensure and utilize the capacity of spatial cloud computing ►
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