Geo Sci ML 4 The OGCCGI Geoscience Data

® Geo. Sci. ML 4 The OGC/CGI Geoscience Data Transfer Standard Ollie Raymond CGI/OGC Geo. Sci. ML Standards Working Group EU Joint Research Centre, Italy

Why A Data Standard? Az. GS Canada USA Australia GSV GSQ WWW Mapping applications, web portals, modelling applications, analytical tools INTEROPERABILITY “My stuff works with your stuff” OGC UK France Russia ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History andand Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC St Ispra, Petersburg, October June 2015 2013

What is Geo. Sci. ML? • Geo. Sci. ML is a GML-based data standard for exchange of geoscientific information • UML data model OGC • XML markup language ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC Ispra, October 2015

How Does Geo. Sci. ML Work? Canada GSC USA USGS UK BGS ? WWW Russia VSEGEI Australia GA Myriad of source databases (eg, Oracle, Arc. GIS, Post. GIS, My. SQL) OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC Ispra, October 2015

How Does Geo. Sci. ML Work? Canada GSC USA USGS UK BGS Russia VSEGEI Australia GA WMS WFS GSC mapping to Geo. Sci. ML WMS WFS USGS mapping to Geo. Sci. ML WMS WFS BGS mapping to Geo. Sci. ML WWW WMS WFS VSEGEI mapping to Geo. Sci. ML WMS WFS GA mapping to Geo. Sci. ML Myriad of source databases Web services applications (eg, Oracle, Arc. GIS, Post. GIS, My. SQL) (eg, Geoserver, Xtra. Server, Arc. GIS) OGC Geo. Sci. ML OGC web services using Geo. Sci. ML standard data structure ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC Ispra, October 2015

How Does Geo. Sci. ML Work? Canada GSC USA USGS UK BGS Russia VSEGEI Australia GA GSC mapping WMS WFS USGS mapping WMS WFS BGS mapping WMS WFS VSEGEI mapping GA mapping Many data formats OGC Geo. Sci. ML WWW WMS WFS One standard format ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History andand Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC St Ispra, Petersburg, October June 2015 2013

A Brief History • British Geological Survey, UK • CSIRO, Australia Contributing Organisations • Geological Survey of Canada • US Geological Survey • Arizona Geological Survey, USA • Geological Survey of Japan • Geoscience Australia • Geological Survey of Victoria, Australia • BRGM, France • Geological Survey of Sweden • Geological Survey of Italy (ISPRA) • Geological Survey of Finland • GNS Science, New Zealand • Landcare Research, New Zealand • BGR, Germany • plus many observers OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC Ispra, October 2015

A Brief History • In the beginning… 2003, Edinburgh • first meeting held to begin harmonisation of geological data models developed in North America, Europe, and Australia • seed of the IUGS Commission for Geoscience Information (CGI) • several precursor data models were considered, including o the North American Data Model (NADM) o the Australian Exploration and Mining Markup Language (XMML) o the Multi-Lingual Thesaurus of Geology o and others… • 2004, Ottawa & Florence • CGI was launched and the Interoperability Working Group (IWG) formed o IWG would be the vehicle for Geo. Sci. ML development for the next 8 years OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC Ispra, October 2015

A Brief History 2004 • 2004, Perth o first official meeting of the IWG Geo. Sci. ML Task Group • 2005, Ottawa o Geo. Sci. ML version 1 • 2006, Orleans, Liege & Brussels • 2007, Tucson & Melbourne o Geo. Sci. ML version 2 • 2008, Orleans, Uppsala & Oslo • 2009, Quebec • 2010, Rome • 2011, Edinburgh • 2012, Wellington o Geo. Sci. ML version 3 • 2013, Redlands & St Petersburg • 2014, Tucson OGC 2014 ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

The Move to OGC • January 2013, Redlands, OGC TC meeting o Memorandum of Understanding signed between CGI and OGC o first meeting of the Geo. Sci. ML Standards Working Group under OGC o bound by OGC documentation specifications o the imprimatur of an established multi-domain spatial standards organisation OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML - the early days • Original use case for Geo. Sci. ML version 1 • describe and exchange features found on a typical geological map Ø geological units o including hierarchy, relationships Ø geological structures o contacts, faults, folds Ø geological age Ø earth materials OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML evolution • Version 2 • Version 3 • updates to the v 1 data model for: o o geological units geological events/age earth materials physical properties • added: o boreholes o fossils • repackaged the model into 13 separate schema modules • updates to the data model for: o o o geological units feature relations events/age physical properties boreholes • added: o o OGC geomorphological units alteration geological sampling laboratory analysis metadata ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC Ispra, October 2015

Geo. Sci. ML evolution Geo. Sci. ML v 3 changes, continued • used and extended new OGC and ISO standards, including: o Geography Markup Language (GML v 3. 2) o Observations and Measurements (O&M v 2. 0) o Sensor Web Enablement (SWE Common v 2. 0) • Geo. Sci. ML v 2 elements were retired in v 3 in favour of using existing OGC and ISO standards o eg, used SWE Common to deliver numeric and controlled terminology attributes • geoscience vocabularies are managed outside of the Geo. Sci. ML data model o OGC vocabulary terms encoded using a “by. Reference/xlink” pattern to enable links to vocabulary services ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML v 3 problems • User feedback indicated that the Geo. Sci. ML v 3 model was too complicated to implement for the majority of users who had only relatively simple data o delivery of even simple geological data required understanding half a dozen different schemas and delivery of a lot of unnecessary empty XML elements o the complex conceptual data model was theoretically correct, but was not implemented in a sufficiently user-friendly way to attract users OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History andand Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC October 2015 Geo. Sci. ML - The History Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Ispra, Petersburg, June 2013

Internal model dependencies Geo. Sci. ML v 3. 2 OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

The Solution Strategy #1 - Geo. Sci. ML-Portrayal • a simplified data standard that can deliver a small subset of Geo. Sci. ML using simple features WFS or WMS on a map with a minimum of data requirements or controlled terminology • Version 2. 0. 1 was published in July 2013 o geological units, contacts, faults, borehole collars • retained a little controlled terminology to enable standard query and symbolisation of map features (eg, using SLD) • currently implemented by several major map data sharing initiatives, including: o One. Geology o USGIN o Au. Scope OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History andand Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC October 2015 Geo. Sci. ML - The History Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Ispra, Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Portrayal Strategy #1 continued - Geo. Sci. ML-Portrayal • the new version of Geo. Sci. ML-Portrayal has simple feature map schemas for: o geological units o geomorphological units o faults and shears o contacts o boreholes o geological specimens o site observations • an introductory, easy to implement, entry point for users of Geo. Sci. ML o designed to be compatible with the widest possible range of client and server software applications OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History andand Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC October 2015 Geo. Sci. ML - The History Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Ispra, Petersburg, June 2013

The Solution Strategy #2 - Geo. Sci. ML v 4 • re-organise Geo. Sci. ML v 3 to enable users to deliver all the core features of Geo. Sci. ML using one (or very few) XML application schemas • core schema would satisfy the majority of use cases asked by geologists of digital data o satisfy requirements of key major users of complex features like INSPIRE o eg; – “show me the geological units which contain shale” – “show me the geological units of Permian age” – “show me where thrust faults are” • more complicated and less commonly used features, attributes and relationships are delivered by using extension schemas OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC Ispra, October 2015

The Solution Strategy #2 continued - Geo. Sci. ML v 4 • remove mandatory nature of most properties o removes the need for data providers to deliver many unpopulated XML elements o enables “profiling” of the Geo. Sci. ML standard for different purposes • use Schematron to control different community profiles of Geo. Sci. ML o INSPIRE and other regional communities; soil and other geological subdisciplines o XSD schema validation on its own cannot ensure interoperability o Schematron can used to validate not only data structure, but also data content • eg; test the use of agreed vocabularies o makes Geo. Sci. ML potentially more attractive to more user communities OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC Ispra, October 2015

From this. . . Geo. Sci. ML v 3. 2 schemas OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

To this. . . Geo. Sci. ML v 4. 0 schemas Geological Timescale Geo. Sci. ML Basic Geological Sampling & Analysis OGC Geo. Sci. ML Borehole Geo. Sci. ML Portrayal Extension ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Basic OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Basic Geologic. Feature Parent class for all geological features. Describe relations between any type of geological feature OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Basic Mapped. Feature Spatial (ie, mapped) representation of a geological feature • shape (GML), scale • scope of the map • positional accuracy, type of exposure OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Mapped. Feature Spatial (ie, mapped) representation of a geological feature • shape (GML), scale • scope of the map • positional accuracy, type of exposure OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Basic Geological Units Basic description of stratigraphic, lithological, and other rock unit types • name • rank • stratigraphic hierarchy OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Basic Geological Units Basic description of stratigraphic, lithological, and other rock unit types • name • rank • stratigraphic hierarchy OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Basic Lithology Basic description of earth materials which comprise a geological unit OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Basic Lithology Basic description of earth materials which comprise a geological unit OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Basic Geological Structures Basic description of the most common types of geological structures • • OGC contacts faults and shears folds foliation ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geological Structures Basic description of the most common types of geological structures • • OGC contacts faults and shears folds foliation ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geological Events Basic description of • numeric age • named age • environment and process OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geological Events Basic description of • numeric age • named age • environment and process OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geomorphology Basic description of natural and anthropogenic geomorphological features • regolith landforms • glacial features • landslides and geohazards OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geomorphology Basic description of natural and anthropogenic geomorphological features • regolith landforms • glacial features • landslides and geohazards OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Extension Pattern eg; Geologic. Unit and Earth. Materials extension Geo. Sci. ML Basic Geo. Sci. ML Extension OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geo. Sci. ML Extension Pattern Geologic. Structure extension Geo. Sci. ML Basic Geo. Sci. ML Extension OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geological Extensions of O&M Borehole ISO 19156 O&M Geo. Sci. ML • in Geo. Sci. ML v 4, downhole intervals are no longer restricted to just Geo. Sci. ML Mapped. Features OGC o other domain communities can use their own downhole features with Geo. Sci. ML Borehole ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Geological Extensions of O&M Geological Sampling and Analysis ISO 19156 O&M Geo. Sci. ML OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, St Petersburg, June 2013

Internet Resources Geo. Sci. ML home • • • http: //www. geosciml. org http: //schemas. geosciml. org http: //resource. geosciml. org Public Mailing list • https: //lists. opengeospatial. org/mailman/listinfo/geosciml Public Geo. Sci. ML SWG wiki • http: //external. opengeospatial. org/twiki_public/Geo. Sci. MLswg/Web. Home Geo. Sci. ML Standards Working Group (OGC members only) • https: //portal. opengeospatial. org/? m=projects&a=view&project_id=420 Wiki for Geo. Sci. ML work pre-OGC • https: //www. seegrid. csiro. au/wiki/CGIModel/ OGC ® Geo. Sci. ML - The History and Future of an International Geoscience Data Transfer Standard, JRC Ispra, October 2015

® Thank you Any Questions? Ollie Raymond Geo. Sci. ML Standards Working Group Open Geospatial Consortium IUGS Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information Web: www. cgi-iugs. org Email: oliver. raymond@ga. gov. au Phone: +61 2 6249 9575