Genus Staphylococci Grams positive Catalase positive cocci S

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Genus Staphylococci Gram’s positive, Catalase positive cocci

Genus Staphylococci Gram’s positive, Catalase positive cocci

S. aureus S. epidermidis Skin infections Prosthetic Infection Osteomyelitis Food poisoning Toxic shock syndrome

S. aureus S. epidermidis Skin infections Prosthetic Infection Osteomyelitis Food poisoning Toxic shock syndrome Pneumonia Acute endocarditis Infective arthritis Necrotizing fasciitis Sepsis UTI especially in patient with catheter & low immunity. S. saprophyticus UTI in sexually active females Non Gonococcal Urethritis in males.

STAPHYLOCOCCI • • • Gram positive Facultative anaerobes Grape like-clusters Catalase positive Major components

STAPHYLOCOCCI • • • Gram positive Facultative anaerobes Grape like-clusters Catalase positive Major components of normal flora - skin - nares 5

Cultural Characteristics * Aerobic or facultative anaerobic * Grow on (nutrient agar & blood

Cultural Characteristics * Aerobic or facultative anaerobic * Grow on (nutrient agar & blood agar) & can tolerate 9% Na. Cl. * The colonies are round, smooth, raised, & glistening, producing pigments -Staphylococcus epidermides : gray to white - Staphylococcus aureus : gray to golden – yellow Only Staphylococcus aureus produce β-haemolysis on blood

Macroscopic characteristics Staphylococcus aureus cause haemolysis on blood agar because of haemolysin enzyme, a

Macroscopic characteristics Staphylococcus aureus cause haemolysis on blood agar because of haemolysin enzyme, a zone of β – haemolysis will appear around the colony

s. aureus s. epidermidis

s. aureus s. epidermidis

MANNITOL SALT AGAR Na. Cl 7. 5% selective Mannitol differential Staphylococcus aureus can ferment

MANNITOL SALT AGAR Na. Cl 7. 5% selective Mannitol differential Staphylococcus aureus can ferment mannitol, so the selective media used to isolate Staphylococcus aureus especially from nasal carriage is (Mannitol Salt Agar)

Test S. aureus Mannitol fermentation Positive S. epidermidis Negative S. saprophyticus Usually positive Positive

Test S. aureus Mannitol fermentation Positive S. epidermidis Negative S. saprophyticus Usually positive Positive = acid end products turn the phenol red p. H indicator from red to yellow negative = phenol red remains red Staphylococcus aureus turning the indicator from red to yellow

Specimens 1 Direct Gram’s Slide 2 Biochemical Culture 4 3 Serology Antibiotics sensitivity 5

Specimens 1 Direct Gram’s Slide 2 Biochemical Culture 4 3 Serology Antibiotics sensitivity 5 6.

Specimens: Pus, Swabs Urine C. S. F. Sputum Blood In Cases Of Septicemia.

Specimens: Pus, Swabs Urine C. S. F. Sputum Blood In Cases Of Septicemia.

Biochemical tests: Coagulase test: DETECT the ability of S. aureus to clot blood plasma

Biochemical tests: Coagulase test: DETECT the ability of S. aureus to clot blood plasma (fibrinogen fibrin). Slide method Tube method Catalase test: To differentiate between Staph. & Strepto.

Coagulase test

Coagulase test

C o a gu l a s e t e s t -ve +ve

C o a gu l a s e t e s t -ve +ve -ve

Catalase test Positive by bubble formation

Catalase test Positive by bubble formation

Table summarized the point of differences between 3 imp. Staphylococci species Tests S. aureus

Table summarized the point of differences between 3 imp. Staphylococci species Tests S. aureus S. epidermidis S. saprophyticus Catalase + + + Coagulase + - - β – haemolysis + - - Mannitol fermentation + - - Novobiocin sensitivity (0. 5 µg) + + -

Gelatinase test Nutrient gelatin is a differential medium that tests the ability of an

Gelatinase test Nutrient gelatin is a differential medium that tests the ability of an organism to produce an exoenzyme, called gelatinase that hydrolyzes gelatin. The gelatinase test can be used to differentiate between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Test S. aureus Gelatina se Positive S. epidermidis Negative

Summary: • Genus Staphylococci Gram positive , cocci in shape. • There are 3

Summary: • Genus Staphylococci Gram positive , cocci in shape. • There are 3 medically important types. • We can differentiate between these types depending on culture characteristics also several biochemical tests. DR. SARMAD ZEINY, MBCh. B, MSc.

THANKS

THANKS

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