Genome Analysis Genome Analysis This involves finding out

Genome Analysis

Genome Analysis This involves finding out the: order of the bases in the DNA location of genes parts of the DNA that controls the activity of the genes

YACs & BACs Whole chromosomes are too big They are cut into shorter bits using restriction enzymes Inserted into EITHER yeast cells as Yeast Artificial Chromosomes, OR Bacterial plasmids as Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes. (more stable than YACs) The yeast or bacteria multiply, so produce many clones (copies) of the YACs or BACs

Clone Library Different copies of each c/some are cut by different restriction enzymes. This means the fragment of DNA in one BAC may share parts with the fragment in another BAC. They are “overlapping” A clone library consists of a collection of bacteria containing the entire genome of a species, e. g. sheep, in many overlapping fragments.

The end result

Producing the BACs

Using the clone library Bacteria containing BACs can be cultured to produce many copies of the fragment. Fragments can be extracted using restriction enzymes. PCR can be used to make even more copies that can be used for sequencing the DNA bases in each fragment (genome analysis).

Making a full map DNA probes are used to find unique marker sites on a chromosome. The markers are then located on each fragment so that the DNA sequence of a whole chromosome can be worked out.

STSs markers are called STSs Sequence -Tagged Sites: An STS is a short DNA segment that occurs only once in the genome and whose exact location and order of bases are known. STSs serve as landmarks on the physical map of the genome.