GENOGRAM ANOTHER ASSESSMENT TOOL Personal Genogram Learning about

GENOGRAM ANOTHER ASSESSMENT TOOL

Personal Genogram Learning about your family: it’s a process y’all!

Use of the genogram Genogram: a graphic family tree, “to depict the structure, the nature of relationships, and the appearance of issues across several generations…[permits] a quick overview, or gestalt, of complex family patterns. ” (Collins, p 254 -260)

Genogram: learning about family https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=92 Mr. He 312 c. M Relationships https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Mu. Xv. G 9 tb. UMs Genopro https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=n. GXEn. Lr. R 3 EY, start @ 3: 00

Brief Genogram:

How about you? Create a genogram that includes a minimum of 3 generations.

Services to children & families Supportive services Substitute services

CPS Referral

CPS

Types of Supportive Services CPS: investigate any reports of child abuse & neglect, assess, and determine if there is a need for intervention May refer to respite care, support services, day care, family preservation Intensive family preservation: intensive, provided in the home, brief & time-limited, education & skillbuilding, coordination of services, readily accessible, crisis oriented

Other Supportive Services Counseling Child Day care Family life education Respite care Parental aides Case management

Types of Substitute Services Kinship care (a relative) Foster family home (thru CPS) Group home (Happy Hill, Methodist Home) Residential Treatment (Lena Pope/All Church Home) Mental health facility (JPS, Millwood) Correctional facility (Texas Youth Commission, Waco Center for Youth) Adoption

Types of Supportive Services CPS: investigate any reports of child abuse & neglect, assess, and determine if there is a need for intervention May refer to respite care, support services, day care, family preservation Intensive family preservation: intensive, provided in the home, brief & time-limited, education & skillbuilding, coordination of services, readily accessible, crisis oriented May conduct a family care conference

In Conclusion… 96% of social work practitioners spend a portion of their time providing direct services to clients Child and Family practice is much more than working with Child Protective Services It is inclusive of ◦ School social work ◦ Military social work ◦ Adoptions and foster care Child and Family practice is the 2 nd largest specialization for social workers, 2 nd only to mental health practice Child and Family practice is to be found in many of the field of practice covered in chapter 8

Group Social Work Practice FROM SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL WELFARE BY MARLA BERG-WEGER

What do you think? What are your thoughts on the advantages and disadvantages to involvement in a group? 1. 2. 3. 4.

Advantages for Individuals Who Engage In Groups Receiving empathy from multiple sources, Getting feedback from multiple points of view shared by group members, Providing help and support to other group members, Instilling hope from group members who have coped effectively with similar situations, Socialization opportunities, Normalization and removal of stigma, and Connectedness among group members RUFFOLO, DIRECT SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE, © 2016 SAGE PUBLICATIONS

Disadvantages for individuals who engage in groups Challenges of sharing personal information within a group Getting groups to form, needing a minimum number of committed group members Persons who are very uncomfortable with social situations, or, the opposite, those who relish the attention of groups (and dominate)

History of Group Work ●In the United States, group methods were initially used as a strategy for working with youth through organized activities ●By the 1930 s and 1940 s, group work had become an intervention method with hospitalized patients, the developmentally disabled and mentally ill, and returning World War II veterans ●By the 1970 s, social workers were participating in a variety of experimental self-improvement groups ●Group social work practice is now recognized as part of the profession’s mission to empower and promote well-being

Group Work ●Group work (or mezzo practice) is a practice method in which the social worker works with a multiple clients to develop a planned change effort that meets the needs of the group ●The social worker’s role in a group can be that of facilitator, therapist, resource person/educator (family life education), consultant, or a combination of these roles

Social Action Groups ●These groups aim to make change on organizational, governmental, and community levels ●Examples may include neighborhood safety groups, groups advocating for legislation, and interdisciplinary groups of professionals working in the same field or area, i. e. neighborhood violence, need for better health care in a community, community organization efforts ●Groups may consist of professionals or non-professionals

Remedial Groups ●Remedial groups—also known as therapy groups or treatment groups—aim to help members enhance their social functioning ●The role for the social worker in a remedial group is typically as a leader or facilitator ● First Offender group ● Critical incident debriefing group ● Bereavement group ●Therapeutic groups often arise when a professional identifies several individuals within the agency’s client population that share a common issue

Reciprocal Groups ●Reciprocal groups, or mutual aid groups, come together out of a shared interest or experience ●Reciprocal aid groups differ from therapy groups in that leaders can be professional or nonprofessional, individual members do not typically have specified treatment goals, and the intervention occurs as a result of the members’ interpersonal relationships ●Examples include groups based around addiction (AA), diseases/health conditions (groups for cancer or heart disease), or adoption

Task Groups ●Task groups work collaboratively toward creating solutions to specific problems or issues that affect a larger group ●Examples may include: ●Faculty, staff, and parents in a school working together to put together IEPs ●Monthly case conferences (interdisciplinary) ●A task force at a food pantry working together to show appreciation to volunteers ●Social work month at a facility by agency social workers

Skills for Group Practice ●Engagement involves explaining group purpose; establishing rules, norms, and boundaries; and creating a safe environment ●Assessment involves monitoring individual progress and group dynamics; balancing personal and group goals; and remaining aware of group diversity ●Intervention involves establishing goals, documenting the group agenda, and managing conflict and disruption ●Evaluation and termination involve reviewing goals, obtaining group member feedback, and obtaining information on the success of interventions

What is Group Therapy? http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=k. WB 7 hbmzm 4 o

First Offender Program PARENT EDUCATION GROUP

FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION: Factors in understanding the parent-teen relationship Adolescence is a time of rapid change, physically, psychologically and socially. It is one of the most difficult times in our lives. It is a period of major changes that is only match by birth trauma. Adolescents must work toward competence in many domains-academic and social, among them. They must form their gender identity, choose a vocational direction, and solidify or establish intimate relationships, all in preparation for assuming an adult role in society. Successful "graduating“ from adolescence to adulthood requires keeping one’s eye on the future, or possibly sacrificing one's potential through the limiting effects of early pregnancy or fatherhood, sexually transmitted disease, drug addiction, alcoholism, dropping out of school, delinquency, etc.

Problem solving Quiz 1. Problems are a natural part of any relationship. 2. Having a problem usually means there is something seriously wrong in the relationship. 3. Problems can only cause more problems, no matter how they are handled. 4. Problems are an indication that family members are different and this requires frequent negotiations. 5. Problem-solving requires that a person either demand their way or give in to the other person. 6. Problem-solving requires that a person be open to different needs and interests of the other person. 7. Problem-solving with other family members is most successful when one person is considered the winner and one, the loser. 8. Problem-solving with other family members is most successful when everyone has a say and the outcome takes these ideas into consideration.

Problem solving worksheet 1. Agree on a problem with your teen/parent: 2. Who or what caused the problem? (What is your role and other people's roles in causing the problem? ) 3. What might each person think and feel (Try putting yourself in the other person's 'shoes' to see how they may think or feel. ) 4. What are some plans or solutions? Brainstorm about possible solutions. 5. Decide on the best plan. Ask yourself if it is a plan that seems fair/safe/workable to you and would it be fair/safe/workable for your parent or sibling. 6. Do the plan. Put it into action. Decide how to make the plan work. 7. Did the plan work? If not, what can be done now?

With a partner: Practicing “I” Statements: Directions: Have group members read the “YOU” statements below and rephrase each sentence into an “I” statement. “When you______, I feel______ because_______”. Or, what is a way to make the request with an “I” message rather than a “you” message. Will you turn down the stereo? I can’t hear myself think! “I would appreciate you turning the volume down some as I am studying 1. “You never call me when I ask you to. ” 3. Will you clean your room? I’ve asked you to do it 5 times now! 4. Why don’t you grow up and stop acting like a baby? 5. You never listen when I give you directions! 6. You are so moody! 7. You never listen when I give you directions!

Practicing “I” Statements: Directions: Have group members read the “YOU” statements below and rephrase each sentence into an “I” statement. “When you______, I feel______ because_______”. Or, what is a way to make the request with an “I” message rather than a “you” message” 1. You never call me when I ask you to. “When you don’t call me, I feel unimportant and hurt” 2. Will you clean your room? I’ve asked you to do it 5 times now! “I feel like what I ask doesn’t matter when I ask so many time which is when I start to yelling at you” 3. Why don’t you grow up and stop acting like a baby? “I need for you to think more about decisions you are making about…” 4. You never listen when I give you directions! “it feels to me like you pay little attention to me when we are discussing…” 6. You are so moody! “When I see you_____, I feel______” 7. You never listen when I give you directions! “When you _____, I become______”

More groups

The Slow Movement

Consider this: a different pace… Do you ever wonder if life if out of control? You are moving too fast? Typically, the life of a student fits this. I was a student for years and know the fast pace/busy-ness of the life. So, I offer this for something to think about in the days/years ahead.

The slow movement: being a social worker and beyond… The slow movement: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Uh. Xi. HJ 8 vfuk Being a student, a teacher, a parent, an employee, etc. tends to push us into “fast-forward” lifestyles. How might this be applicable for the helping professional? For our clients? How did we get so fast? How do we slow down, if we want to? Thoughts on slowing down makes us better? As it pertains to food? Urban landscape? In health and medicine? Intimacy (sexual intimacy)? The workplace? Parenting?

Thoughts? Thoughts on the slow movement? Thoughts on ways you have changed the pace in your own lives?

Other types of groups ØAnger management Stress management Crisis management

6 Stages of Anger https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=6 UP 6 WV 801 Qg 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

6 Stages of Anger 1. Frustration: I want something but can’t get it. 2. Frustration: I want something but I am being blocked or stopped, on purpose or not. 3. Frustration: I must have something, I must have my way. Frustration triggers Anger: Any of the frustrations can lead to anger response! 4. Anger: You are the blame for my not getting my way. 5. Anger: You deserve to be punished. 6. Anger: I am going to punish you. Many different ways to punish, to get back at. Wanting something is fine, but demanding it triggers a different response, thus anger tends to surface. How to react? Okay to want something. Work to do something about it, or, change what you want. Modify the want. Frustration is a reaction. Basic & universal. Anger does not automatically mean expression, be it aggression or otherwise. Anger is not like a steam kettle that builds over time. Frustrating or annoying events are the heat; anger is one reaction to this ‘heat’ as is calm.

What I have learned (and still are)… Be mindful of the scripts from our upbringing. Expect it all relationships of any consequence (significant, friendships, work, etc. ) It is the norm, not the exception. Learning to effectively, positively manage & use your own anger will aid in your being a helping professional. Anger can lead to honest, helpful dialogue; does not have to be destructive (did not say painless). Anger needs expression? Anger needs understanding, not necessarily expression. It is associated with being unchristian, sin, wrong.

Anger management Personal Review of Frustration, Anger Frustrations Trying to repair something, computer issues, car issues, tensions with sibling, disagreements with spouse Models of handling anger Avoidant parent, non-communicative parent Attentiveness to frustrations (what are the signs of frustration and/or anger? ) Become aware of irritations, can feel it in my breathing, muscle tightening, becoming less communicative, physical Plan (constructive anger) If it is a family or friend, sit down and discuss (but only if I can do it calmly, not in a fit of anger), take a time-out, seek out assistance from someone

Anger management Personal Review of Frustration, Anger Frustrations Models of handling anger Attentiveness to frustrations Plan (constructive anger)

Anger Management Novaco Anger Scale: http: //www. marriagecpr. com/specialty/anger 2. html Score the scale Higher the number, higher the risk of anger of frustration, irritation Thoughts? Reactions?

Other types of groups Anger management ØStress management Crisis management

Stress management Beyond the consideration of stress in a more positive light, what are stress coping practices that have been useful for you? Relaxation exercises? Exercise? Yoga? Positive imagery? Let’s try one out… What else?

Relaxation script… The first thing I want you to do is to close your eyes. Now get as comfortable as possible in your chair. Take a deep breath, hold it for a few seconds, exhale, and continue to breathe normally. Again, take a deep breath, hold it for a few seconds, exhale, and continue again to breathe normally, easily, calmly. Imagining breathing in calmness, peacefulness; breathing out stress, anxiety, tensions. …

Other types of groups Anger management Stress management ØCrisis management

Crisis management Sexual violence/rape Violent behavior Workplace trauma Bereavement Trauma debriefings (critical incident) ◦ ◦ Schedule as soon as possible Can be done in groups or individually Predictable steps in the processing a trauma Personal detailed explanation as to the physical, cognitive, emotional, behavioral response to a trauma ◦ Sharing of the after shock of the experience, normalizing its impact ◦ Teaching about the healing process, coping skills

Critical Incident Stress https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Kwx. Sy 9 v 6 ITQ Explanation of CISD work (00— 3: 30)

Other remedial groups Assertiveness training Couples’ work Parent-child (First offender groups) In addition to anger, stress, and critical incident

How we assess families… LOOKING FOR FUNCTIONING AND DYSFUNCTIONING OF FAMILIES

Family boundaries

Terms from Family Systems Theory that you’ll want to understand: BOUNDARIES Definition: interpersonal barriers that surround individuals and subsystems, regulating the amount of contact with others They help to protect the autonomy of the family and its subsystems by managing proximity (closeness or distance) and hierarchy The boundaries can be seen as the set of rules governing who is included in the subsystems and how the subsystem interacts with those outside of it Boundaries should be viewed on a continuum

Two types of boundaries that can be problematic Rigid: restrictive and permit little contact with those outside the subsystem Diffuse: vague and not restrictive

How to recognize your families relational style Families that have diffuse boundaries: Foster a sense of loyalty and belonging Cultivate empathy Have the same interests Spend most of their time together BUT Speak for each other Interrupt each other Explain each other’s feeling Assumes members understand each other Discourage independence

How to recognize your families relational style Families that have rigid boundaries Tolerate differences Foster a sense of personal independence Respect separate views Cultivate self-reliance BUT Spend little time together Disregard each other feelings Block communication on certain subjects Avoid close contact Lack empathic responses Fail to listen or hear each other

In summary…Rigid boundaries can lead to disengagement Disengagement, refers to a condition where the people are so independent in their functioning that it is difficult to figure out how they are related to one another. On the positive side this permits independence and growth On the negative side disengagement limits warmth, affection and nurturance Disengaged families must be under EXTREME stress before they mobilize for mutual support

In summary…Diffuse boundaries can lead to enmeshment Enmeshment refers to a condition where two or more people weave their lives and identities around one another so tightly that it is difficult for any one of them to function independently. Enmeshment is the loss of autonomy due to psychological boundaries Positive side is there is a heightened sense of mutual support Negative is the lack of independence and autonomy

What impact on you? What about your own personal boundaries Your family’s boundaries Are you comfortable with them? What words would you use to describe your family, be it your family of origin or your current family? ◦ Close knit? ◦ Distant? ◦ Somewhere in between?

Family roles

Family Roles--what is expected of each family member ◦ The most basic types of roles are “father, ” “mother, ” “aunt, ” “daughter, ” “son, ” “grandmother, ” etc. What is expected from people in each of these roles? ◦ But there also roles beyond this most basic level. For example, one person may be the “clown” of the family. Another person may be the “responsible one. ” One person may be the “emotional one. ” Another role might be “crazy uncle Joe” who everyone knows is going to act odd in his own unique way. There a lot of different roles in families. ◦ What about the hero? Distractor? Rebel? Invisible? Pacifier/enabler? Responsible/serious? Mischievous?

What impact on you? q. What are some of the roles you and others have had in your family? Extended family? q. Thoughts on typical roles? Breadwinner, parent (father/mother), son/daughter, others (hero, rebel, clown/comic)

Basic assessment of families… Boundaries: What words would you use to describe your family, be it your family of origin or your current family? Close knit? Distant? Somewhere in between? Roles: What are some of the roles you and others have had in your family? Extended family? Breadwinner, parent (father/mother), son/daughter, others (hero, rebel, clown/comic) Communication? Rules? Strengths?

Family communication

Family communication Open expression of feelings? Not for all families? Open and closed communication, verbal and non verbal (a communication approach to family intervention) Would you describe the communication to be more open and honest, more closed and guarded, somewhere in between? (depending on the person, depending on the circumstances) What is communication style when there are: ◦ ◦ Disagreements? Conflicts? Disappointments? Discussion about rules and expectations?

Family rules

Terms from Family Systems Theory that you’ll want to understand: rules Rules: recurring expectations, overt and/or covert, offers structure, or lack of, to family dynamics Regulates family members behavior with one another Determine what behaviors are considered acceptable and unacceptable May be overt or covert May flex or become rigid Evident during times of change

Terms from Family Systems Theory that you’ll want to understand: rules Family Rules are rules about how the family operates; these rules are often unspoken. For example… ◦ When people are angry at each other, do they express this or keep it to themselves? ◦ How affectionate or emotional are family members expected or allowed to be with each other? ◦ How do decisions get made in the family? Who has input and who is expected to “just go along”? How is the final decision made? ◦ Are there limits on “how much” or in what ways kids can argue with their parents? ◦ How much are family members “allowed” to talk to people outside the family about family problems? Families tend to develop patterns about these sorts of things (& other similar types of things). These patterns can become “unspoken rules. ”

What impact on you? What about your family rules? Identify a family rule? (communicate/or not your anger, respond to my texts, call me once a week, say good morning, discuss financial issues…) What are some covert rules? (don’t criticize in public, keep your relational issues to yourself) Would you describe the rules to be rigid or flexible? Do they change with the times? Can they be challenged? How do they get decided upon?

Family strengths

Family strengths/factors Members feel connected Members change as family members develop Open communication Clarity of rules and expectations Adequate housing and income Supportive family relationships, i. e. parents, grandparents Family rituals ….

Key Points ●Group work has a long history in the field of social work (dating back to 30 s and 40 s) ●Many of the skills involved in individual and family practice can be applied to group work ●Groups can be oriented toward tasks, social change, remediation of problems, or mutual aid ●Group therapy models, group leadership models: variety of options for the social worker