Genocide and WWI Genocide l Defined by UN

Genocide and WWI

Genocide l Defined by UN l l Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group: A. Killing members of the group l B. Causing serious bodily harm…. l C. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or part l D. Imposing measures intended to prevent births l E. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group l

Groups Defined l Set of individuals whose identity is defined by l National Group l l Ethnical Group l l Common cultural traditions, language, or heritage Racial Group l l Common country of nationality or national origin Physical characteristics Religious Group l Common religious beliefs, doctrines, practices, or rituals

Genocide l Any problems with the definition? l The following will be punishable: l Genocide l Conspiracy to commit l Direct and public incitement to commit l Attempt to commit l Complicity in genocide

Genocide l Major Genocides (? ) of the 20 th Century l Armenia l Nazis l Cambodia l Bosnia l Rwanda l Darfur 1. 5 million 11 million (6) 2 million 200, 000 800, 000 400, 000 Christians Jews, etc Rid of the West Ethnic Albanians Tutsi’s Non-Arab Muslims HOW CAN A GENOCIDE OCCUR IN THIS DAY AND AGE? ?

Genocide l Stages l 1. Classification l 2. Symbolization l 3. Dehumanization l 4. Organization l 5. Polarization l 6. Identification l 7. Extermination l 8. Denial l WHAT ARE EACH OF THESE?

1. Classification l Put cultures in categories by race, ethnicity, religion, or nationality

2. Symbolization l Give names or other symbols to the classifications l Name “Jews” or rebel flags, etc l Both can be present in a country without causing genocide…when it progresses to dehumanization it becomes a problem

3. Dehumanization One group denies the humanity of another l Usually compared to animals, vermin, diseases, or insects l l Propaganda in full swing

4. Organization l Organized by the state or by terrorists groups l Special groups put in control l Plans Made

5. Polarization l Extremists drive the groups apart l Pass laws l Exp. Forbid intermarriage or social interaction

6. Identification l Victims are identified and separated l Ghettoes l Concentration camps l Etc

Armenian Genocide

Extermination l Wipe out the group l Genocide

Denial l Try to cover it up l Blame others l Flee

WWI/Revolution TEST

Nationalism l What is nationalism? l Napoleon helps lead to nationalism…. How? l Most powerful country at the end of the 19 th century? What about the US?

Social Darwinism l Define l “Survival of the fittest” l How did this “justify” imperialism? l What were the 2 sides to SD? l 1. Wrong to help the weak l 2. Responsibility to “uplift” the weak

Conference of Berlin 1884 l What was this? l Who convened this?

Provisions l 1. Open trade l 2. Prohibit slave trade l 3. Niger and Congo Rivers open for trade l 4. Country’s right to claim l 5. Principle of Effectivity

Imperialism l How did this lead to tension? l What did countries do to protect themselves? l What event sparked WWI?

Nation Building l 1848 (30 German states) l Revolution in France spread l Schurz vs Von Bismarck Nobles Peasants l Rulers scared turn over power l Problems l 1. Religious (Pro-N l 2. Change of heart Cath-S)

Nation Building l Prussia (largest state) l Franco-Prussian War 1870 l Takes over (Bismarck’s employer) l Kaiser Wilhelm I l Proclaims 2 nd Reich l Wrote Constitution l Men only could vote l Reichstag-little power l Socialism looked at as a threat l Bismarck blamed them for attempt on Kaiser

Causes of WWI l 1. Nationalism l 2. Imperialism l 3. Militarism l 4. Alliance system

WWI l Central Powers (Triple Alliance**) l Germany l Austria-Hungary l Ottoman Empire l *Bulgaria l Triple Entente l UK l Russia l France l *Italy l *Japan l *US

Devastation l 1. Poor techniques l 2. New weapons l Dirigibles l Submarines l Giant artillery l Tanks l Poison gas l Airplanes

Why did the US enter? l 1. Submarine warfare by Germany l 2. Lusitania sunk l 3. Economic Interests l 4. Zimmerman Note

US entry

Armenia

Armenian Genocide l Who was targeted? l Armenians (Mostly Christian) l Assyrians l Greeks l Why were they targeted? l How did the US react? l What is Turkey’s stance today? WHY?

Results of WWI

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles l 1. Lost lands l Rhineland, Sudetenland, etc l 2. Disarm military l 100, 000 defensive troops l 3. Pay reparations/accept responsibility l Damage done AND Entente expenses l 4. Trial for responsible

Lands lost by Germany

Revolution l What makes a good candidate? l What situations have the greatest impact on people wanting change in their country? l Why is it easier to have massive change when there are groups people already don’t like? l What happens when you have all of the above?

Russian Revolution l 1917 l 2 Revolutions l 1. February Rev l Czar Nicholas II abdicated- Provisional Gov l 2. October Revolution l Provisional Gov- Bolsheviks l Led by Lenin (Marx ideals)

Lenin reading Pravda Ironic title?

Lenin l Signed Treaty with Germany l Upset many l 1. ended Russian involvement l 2. gave lands to Germany l Felt it would be nullified by revolution

US reaction l Red Scare l Palmer raids l Does it sound familiar? l Should the gov have the power to limit groups they deem to be a threat? Why or why not?

German Revolution l Who were the November Criminals? l Why did they set up a republic? l 1. avoid communism l 2. Appease the Allies l Weimar Republic

Weimar Republic l Voted for a party not an individual l Would you like this type of system? l Who was still denied rights in this gov? Why? l Why didn’t the Weimar Republic work?

Get out a sheet of paper l How did Napoleon contribute to nationalism? l What was the concept of survival of the fittest for people/classes? l What was convened in 1884 in Europe to divide Africa? What is imperialism? l How did the 2 nd Reich come to be? l What was looked at as a threat? Get rid of it?

l What event sparked WWI? HOW? l What were the 2 sides in WWI? l l Who were the main combatants on each side? l Why did the US enter WWI? l What group was targeted for Genocide by the Ottoman Empire? WHY? l What were the 4 main parts to the Treaty of Versailles?

l Where was the October/November Revolution? Who gained control? Why were people upset? l What was the Red Scare? l What were the Palmer Raids? l Who were the November Criminals? l What gov was set up after WWI in Germany? l Why did this gov fail?