Genocide Against the Tutsi Perpetrators When April 6

Genocide Against the Tutsi

Perpetrators �When: April 6, 1994 – July 15, 1994 �Who: Hutu-led government and Hutu extremists �An estimated 200, 000 people participated in carrying out the genocide Theoneste Bagosora (1941 -present) Chief of Staff, Ministry of Defense Established Interahamwe Militia (1990 -present) Hutu Militia Extremists Radio Television Libre des Milles Collines (RTLM) (1993 -1994) Popular Hutu-led Radio

Victims �Dead: 800, 000 dead in 100 days (~8, 000 per day) �Causes: Machete, and to a lesser extent, firearms �Targets: Tutsi Minority Ethnic People, Moderate Hutus �Refugees: ~1 million

Refugees �How many? : ~2 million, including perpetrators of the genocide between April – August 1994 �Where did they go? : Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Uganda and Burundi �How were they treated? : Refugee camps lacked security, were generally militarized by Interahamwe fighters, and often attacked by the RPF hunting Hutu perpetrators of the genocide, especially in the Congo �Who supported them? : UNHCR �Did they go home? : After attacks on refugee camps in the Congo, many refugees were forced to return to Rwanda, where they were killed or arrested upon arrival. �In 2014, there were still more than 200, 000

End of the Conflict

Summary of Genocide - Timeline April 6, 1994: Rwandan president’s plane shot down. Official start of genocide. April 1994 April 7, 1994: Rwandan Forces (FAR) set up roadblocks, killing moderate Hutus and ethnic Tutsis. 10 Belgian peacekeepers murdered, sparking the withdrawal of April 19, 1994: Human Rights Watch claims more than 100, 000 people killed in Rwanda. April 28, 1994: Oxfam counts 500, 000 people dead. April 21, 1994: United Nations Security Counsel reduces UNAMIR peacekeeping forces to 270 military personnel. July 15, 1994: RPF captures the capital, 2 million Hutu civilians and government reps flee. July 1994 June 22, 1994: United Nations Security Counsel sends French forces to create safe zones.

What’s Happened Since? �November 8, 1994: United Nations Security Council resolution creates the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). �December 1995: ICTR announces first indictments against eight suspects, charging them with genocide and crimes against humanity. �December 1, 1996: Start of national genocide trials in the Gacaca Courts. �May 4, 2012: Gacaca Courts officially close after trying more than 2 million cases.

Resources � Human Rights Watch: http: //www. hrw. org/africa/rwanda � Human Rights Watch report “Rwanda: Justice After Genocide – 20 Years On”: http: //www. hrw. org/news/2014/03/28/rwanda-justice-after-genocide -20 -years � Human Rights Watch report “Lasting Wounds: Consequences of Genocide and War for Rwanda’s Children”: https: //www. hrw. org/report/2003/04/03/lastingwounds/consequences-genocide-and-war-rwandas-children � Human Rights Watch “You will be Punished”: https: //www. hrw. org/report/2009/12/13/you-will-bepunished/attacks-civilians-eastern-congo � Outreach Program on the Rwanda Genocide and the United Nations: http: //www. un. org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/about. shtml � BBC article “Rwanda Genocide: 100 days of Slaughter”: http: //www. bbc. com/news/world-africa-26875506 � http: //www. unhcr. org/pubs/sowr 2000/ch 10. pdf � UNHCR 2000 State of the World’s Refugees: http: //www. unhcr. org/pubs/sowr 2000/ch 10. pdf � “Sometimes in April” film: http: //vimeo. com/25283728 � “Sweet Dreams” film: http: //www. sweetdreamsrwanda. com/