Genki Textbook pg 88 94 GRAMMAR UNIT 3

Genki Textbook pg 88 - 94 GRAMMAR UNIT 3

Verb Conjugations Genki Textbook pg 88 – 90 #2 Verbs which end in ます are present tense affirmative form　 Verbs which end inません are present tense negative form These verbs have two meanings: 1. Habit, regular, everyday activity サッカーを　します。I play soccer. (habit) 2. Future action サッカーを　します。I will play soccer. (future)

Dictionary Form 1. 2. 3. Genki Textbook pg 88 – 89 #1 Verbs which end in る or hiragana ‘u’ sound are present tense dictionary form　 All verbs can be divided into one of three groups: “Ru verbs” – ‘e’ sound or 1 hiragana before ま す “U verbs” – ‘i’ sound before the ます “Irregular verbs” – exceptions

Genki Textbook pg 88 – 89 #1 ます to Dictionary Form Ru Verbs (Ichidan verbs) ‘e’ sound before the ます or ‘one hiragana’ before the ます　 drop the ます and add る. U verbs (Godan verbs) ‘i’ sound before the ます drop the ‘i’ sound and the ます　 change it to the equivalent ‘u’ sound り み ぴ び ひ に ぢ ち じ し ぎ き い る ゆ む ぷ ぶ ふ ぬ づ つ ず す ぐ く う

Genki Textbook pg 88 – 89 #1 ます to Dictionary Form Irregular and exception verbs * Irregular verbs must be memorized.

Particle を Genki Textbook pg 90 #3 Particle を comes after a direct object (thing directly involved with the action verb) コーヒーを　のみます。 This is the “direct object”. What do I drink? I drink “coffee”. Therefore コーヒー must be followed by the particle を.

Particle で Genki Textbook pg 90 #3 Particle で comes after a place (it describes where a thing takes place) 　きっさてんで　コーヒーを　のみます。 This is the “place”. Where will I drink coffee? I will drink it “at the coffee shop”. Therefore きっさてん must be followed by the particle で.

Particle に (place) Genki Textbook pg 91 #3 Particle に comes after a place (it describes where you are moving to) This に can often be translated to mean ‘to’ 　きっさてんに　いきます。 This is the “place” (the destination). Where are you going? I am going “to the coffee shop”. Therefore きっさてん must be followed by the particle に.

Particle へ (place) Genki Textbook pg 91 #3 Particle へ comes after a place (it describes the destination or goal of where you are moving to) に and へ are interchangeable both can mean ‘to’ 　きっさてんへ　いきます。 This is the “place” (the goal). Where are you ending up? I am ending up at “the coffee shop”.

Particle に (time) Genki Textbook pg 91 #3 and #4 Particle に comes after a time expressions (it describes when something happens) This に can often be translated to mean ‘on’ ‘at’ ‘in’ ie. on Saturday, at 7 o’clock, in September, に comes after specific time such as: 1. 2. 3. Days of the week Numerical time ie. time, dates, months, Parts of the day ie. in the morning, at night, on the weekend

Particle に (time) Particle に does not come after a general time No particle is used (don’t use に) after time expressions 1. 2. Genki Textbook pg 91 #3 and #4 related to the present ie. today, tomorrow, next week etc. describing regular intervals ie. everyday, every night etc. If we don’t say ‘on’ ‘at’ ‘in’ we don’t need に　　　 ie. on today, on everyday

Inviting ませんか Genki Textbook pg 92 #5 The negative question ませんか can be used as to invite someone to do something The present question ますか doesn’t not have an ‘inviting’ meaning コーヒーを　のみませんか。 Would you like to drink some coffee? コーヒーを　のみますか。 Do you drink coffee?

Word order Genki Textbook pg 92 -93 #6 Basic word order in Japanese is as follows: TOPIC は TIME (に)　PLACEで OBJECTを ACTION V わたしは ７じに　がっこうで テニスを します。 TOPIC は FREQUENCY TIME (に) PLACEに MOVEMENT VERB。 わたしは ときどき しゅうまつに がっこうに いきます。

Frequency Adverbs Genki Textbook pg 93 #7 Sentences with a positive adverb of frequency end with a present positive verb ます まいにち、よく、ときどき　＋ 　VERBます Sentences with a negative adverb of frequency end with a present negative verbません ぜんぜん、あまり　＋　VERBません Adverbs of frequency take no particle.

Topic は Genki Textbook pg 93 #8 The topic of the sentence is marked with は It can be translated to mean “As for…” “Let’s talk about…” メアリーさん、きょうは　なにを　しますか。 Mary, what will you do today? Let’s talk about the topic of “today”.

Homework – Chapter reveiw Genki Textbook Read grammar summary pg 88 – 94. Genki Textbook Unit 3 REVIEW Reading pg 301 #II and Writing pg 301 #III