Genitive and Dative Nouns Introduction to Greek By
Genitive and Dative Nouns Introduction to Greek By Stephen Curto For Intro to Greek Sept 18, 2016
Outline • • Review Vocabulary Genitive Case Dative Case The Five Cases The Full Paradigm Noun Translation Hints
Review • Stem: usually the first few letters of the lexical form. – E. g. γραφή γραφ- • Case ending: The part the changes to tell you case and number. – E. g. γραφή -ή • Nominative (The Subject Case) • Accusative (the Object Case)
Review • In English, cases are largely based on word order. “Jesus hit the man. ” subj obj ≠ “The man hit Jesus. ” subj obj • Because of inflection, word order doesn’t matter in Greek. The subject stays the subject wherever it is in the sentence. Ἰησους (hit) τον ἀνθρωπον. = τον ἀνθρωπον (hit) Ἰησους. subj (nom) obj (acc) subj (nom) • ^Both sentences mean “Jesus hit the man. ”^
Review Masculine Nom Sing λόγος Gen Sing Dat Sing Acc Sing λόγον Feminine γραφήν Neuter ἔργον Declension 2 1 2 Nom Plur Gen Plur Dat Plur Acc Plur λόγοι λόγους γραφαί γραφάς ἔργα
Review Masculine Nom Sing ὁ Gen Sing τοῦ Dat Sing τῷ Acc Sing τόν Feminine ἡ τῆς τῇ τήν Neuter τό τοῦ τῷ τό Declension 2 1 2 Nom Plur Gen Plur Dat Plur Acc Plur οἱ τῶν τοῖς τούς αἱ τῶν ταῖς τά τῶν τοῖς τά
Review Homework Exercise 6
Vocabulary • Parsing: Telling about the word in question (Case, Number, Gender, English translation, Lexical form) – e. g. γραφαί - Nominative, Plural, Feminine meaning they write from γραφή
Genitive Case • Case indicating “of-ness” or “from-ness” • Case indicating possession • Usual translations: “of _____” or “_____’s” – e. g. James son of Zebedee. Ἰάκοβος τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου. lit. Eng. James of Zebedee. – e. g. Matt 1
Genitive Case Masculine Nom Sing ος Gen Sing ου Dat Sing Acc Sing ον Feminine η ης ην Neuter ον ου ον Declension 2 1 2 Nom Plur Gen Plur Dat Plur Acc Plur οι ων ους αι ων ας α ων α
Genitive Case Masculine Nom Sing λόγος Gen Sing λόγου Dat Sing Acc Sing λόγον Feminine γραφής γραφήν Neuter ἔργον ἔργου ἔργον Declension 2 1 2 Nom Plur Gen Plur Dat Plur Acc Plur λόγοι λόγων λόγους γραφαί γραφῶν γραφάς ἔργα ἔργων ἔργα
Dative Case • The case of “to-ness” “with-ness” or “in-ness” • The case of Indirect object. • ***Microscope*** – Accusative = Direct Object – Dative = Indirect Object • e. g. Jesus gave him living water. • e. g. Jesus gave him to the living water.
Dative Case Masculine Nom Sing ος Gen Sing ου Dat Sing ῳ Acc Sing ον Feminine η ης ῃ ην Neuter ον ου ῳ ον Declension 2 1 2 Nom Plur Gen Plur Dat Plur Acc Plur οι ων οις ους αι ων αις ας α ων οις α
The 5 Noun Cases • • • Nominative (Subject) Genitive (Of-ness/From-ness) Dative (To-ness/With-ness) Accusative (Object) Vocative (Direct Address)
The 5 Noun Cases • • • Nominative (Subject) Genitive (Of-ness/From-ness) Dative (To-ness/With-ness) Accusative (Object) Vocative (Direct Address)
The 5 Noun Cases Total Case uses in the NT: Nominative: …. . . 24, 618 Genitive: …. . . . 19, 633 Dative: …. . . 12, 173 Accusative: …. . 23, 105 Vocative: …. . . 317 *Daniel Wallace, Greek Grammar: Beyond the Basics, pg 35.
Noun Translation Hints 1. Look for the nominative. – When you see a new sentence, look for the nominative noun. That’s your subject. 2. Look for the article. – the article is your cheat-code to parsing nouns. If you know the article, you know the case, and number, and usually the gender. 3. Look for iota subscripts. – usually an iota subscript is a clue that a dative is present. In the singular dative the iota always subscripts if possible.
Noun Translation Hints 4. Watch out for the alternate 1 st declension pattern. – some words in the first declension follow an α pattern in the singular instead of an η pattern. 5. Always look just past the nouns you see, to see if a genitive is modifying it. – Genitives usually follow the word they modify. e. g. ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ. . . 6. break up the sentence into manageable chunks. – if manageable for you is one word at a time, then go one word at a time. Your manageable will grow, but always try to push yourself to bigger chunks.
Homework/Adjustments to Syllabus • Exercise 7 in workbook (everything) • Full paradigm noun endings (should be easy if you know the definite article) • Vocab on pages 39, 50 -51.
- Slides: 21