Genital System Male Genital System Female genital System

Genital System ●Male Genital System ● Female genital System 1 - Testicles (testes) 2 - Epididymis 3 - Ductus deferentes (vas deferens) - spermatic cord - scrotum - vaginal tunics 4 - The penis 5 - Accessory genital glands 6 - The male urethra 8 h

The Penis It is the male copulatory organ. It is directed cranially in all animals except in cats whose short penis directed caudally. Parts of penis: It consists of 3 parts (Root - Body – Glans penis).

The root: - The root consists of 3 parts; bulb and 2 crura. 1 -The bulb: is enlarged part of corpus spongiosum which associated with pelvic urethra turn around ischial arch. 2 -The 2 crura: (each surrounded by corpus cavernosum). They are attached to the ischial arch and united below it forming the body.

Ms: -

The body: - is the longest part of the penis. - attached to the pelvic symphysis by 2 flat bands called suspensory ligaments.

The glans penis; It is the free end of the penis that covered with prepuce. - It has circular edge -----corona glandis. - It has a constricted part-------collum glandis. - It has a process-----urethral process. - In some animals it forms a cap-like structure –----galea glandis. - It differs greatly from species to species.

Structure of the penis: It consists of 2 erectile bodies corpus cavernosum corpus spongiosum 1 -Corpus cavernosum: = It forms the greater part of the penis except its free end. = It arises from each side of ischial arch by a crus which is covered by ischiocavernous muscle. = The 2 crura united below the ischial arch to form the body. Ischial arch Crura Ischiocavernous m.

= It presents ventrally urethral groove for the urethra and corpus spongiosum. = It is covered by tunica albuginea from which trabeculae arise to divide it into cavernous spaces. = The spaces are lined by endothelium and contain blood. = It terminates cranially by dividing into 3 processes; long dorsal one and 2 short lateral ones. Tunica albuginea Trabiculae Median septum Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum urethra

2 -Corpus spongiosum: It surrounds the urethra. It begins at plevic outlet with enlarged part called bulb of penis. At the bulb it is covered by bulbospongiosus muscle. It is similar to corpus cavernosum in structure but with thin tunica albuginea and fine trabeculae. Tunica albuginea Trabiculae Median septum Corpus cavernosum Corpus spongiosum urethra

Types of penis: According to the amount of connective tissue the penis can be divided into: 1) Fibroelastic type: = It contains more connective tissue than cavernous spaces. = firm in non erected state. = It is relatively long. = During erection, little enlarged in both length and diameter. = Has Sigmoid flexure = Ex. In pig and ruminants.

2) Musculocavernous type: = Contains more cavernous spaces than fibrous tissue. = soft in non erected state. = It is relatively short. = During erection, great enlarged in both length & diameter. = Ex. In equines and dog.

Muscles of the penis: 1) Bulbospongiosus M. : Circular striated muscle surrounds the urethra and bulb. Origin: It is the continuation of urethral muscle. Insertion: It extends to the junction of the crura in all animals except in horse it continues to the glans. Action: to empty the urethra. 2) Ischiocavernous M. : Origin: Paired, arise from ischial arch and enclose the crura. Insertion: On the crura and adjacent part of the body. Action: It helps in erection by compressing the crura. 3) Retractor penis M. : Origin: Paired smooth muscles originate from the first two caudal vertebrae or sacrum. Insertion: In the glans (dog, horse) or sigmoid flexure( rum. , pig) Action: Withdraw the penis into the prepuce after erection.

Blood supply of the penis: * Internal pudendal A & V * External pudendal A & V * Obturator A Nerve supply of the penis: * Pudendal nerve from the sacral nerves * Branches from the pelvic plexus (Sympathetic)

Type cavernous Elastic elastic cavernous Shape Cylindrical, has caudal Cavernous part and Cranial bony part ( os penis) Firm, cylindrical, has prescrotal S. F. Firm Cylindrical cylindrical, has compressed laterally Postscrotal S. F. Cylindrical, Prescrotal S. F. Length 10 -20 cm 60 cm • 90 -100 cm in ox 60 cm 50 -80 cm • 30 -50 cm in S. R. Retractor -from first penis M. 2 caudal vertebrae or sacrum -in glans pens -From sacrum -In ventral arch of S. F. • from first 2 caudal vertebrae • in ventral arch of S. F. -As ruminant -inserts in the ventral -inserts in arch of S. F. the glanis penis

penis Bulbosp ngiosus M Median septum Glans penis Dog Pig Rum. Horse Camel It extends As dog to junction of crura As dog extends As dog along whole length to the glans distinct near the root distinct near distinct the root, near the root incomplete in other parts. -long part, -bulbus part surrounds os penis -ill distinct, • in 0 x is poorly developed, -cranial end is Spirally twisted -Well developed - Corona, • cranial end - Collum, pointed, twisted, • presents dorsally - Fossa Glandis + 3 galea glandis. • External urethral recesses orifice is a narrow - Urethral • The free end is tapered and twisted to the left. It has small conical urethral process

Comparative features of penis: Canines: Shape: Cylindrical, divided into prepuce Retractor penis M caudal cavernous part and cranial bony part( os penis). Glans penis: surrounds penis os penis & consists of cranial long part and caudal bulbus part. -The os penis is a rode like bone with thick caudal end, it has ventral groove for urethra. In cat: The penis is short & directed caudally. - Its free part contains cornified papillae (penile spines)

Pars longa Bulbus glandis

2 plates join dorsa

Pars longa Bulbus part Os urethra Cornified papillae (penile spines) cat

sacrum Pig: Shape. : Firm, has prescrotal sigmoid flexure. Retractor Glans pens: illdistinct, its pointed cranial end is spirally twisted Median septum Corpus cav. Corpus spong. urethra

Ruminants: Shape: Firm , cylindrical, has postscrotal sigmoid flexure. Retractor m Glans pens: In ox - is poorly developed & not clearly marked from the body. - Its cranial end is pointed, twisted and presents dorsally galea glandis. galea - External urethral orifice is a narrow slit therefore the urination is slow and takes place in squirts rather than in a continuous flow. glans Bull

In small ruminants: The galea glandis is surrounded by prominent ridge called corona glandis. The glans has a long neck called collum glandis. The penis has long urethral process (sheep 4 cm, goat 2. 5 cm). Sheep has tuberculum glandis. corona glandis galea glandis collum glandis Urethral process goat collum glandis Urethral process sheep

Camel: Shape: Cylindrical, has prescrotal sigmoid flexure. Glans pens: The free end is tapered and twisted to the left. - It has small conical urethral process pojecting cranially.

Horse: Shape: Cylindrical but compressed laterally. Median septum: is distinct close to the root, but incomplete in other parts. Corpus cavernosum Median septum Corpus spong. Bulbospongiosus M. Retractor penis M Urethra

Glans penis: is well developed & has : - Corona glandis. - Collum glandis. - Fossa glandis which contains the urethral process (2. 5 cm) and 3 recesses: large dorsal recess(sinus) & 2 small ventrolateral recesses. corona glandis collum glandis fossa glandis