Genetics Vocabulary Homozygous The term for having 2

Genetics Vocabulary • Homozygous: The term for having 2 of the same alleles for a trait • Heterozygous: The term for having 2 different alleles for a trait • Nucleotide: The building block of DNA • Chromosome: The X like structure in which DNA is organized • 46: The complete number of chromosomes you have • 23: The number of chromosomal pairs you have

Genetics Vocabulary • • • A: The symbol for Adenine T: The symbol for Thymine G: The symbol for Guanine C: The symbol for Cytosine MM: The genotype for someone who is homozygous dominant • mm: The genotype for someone who is homozygous recessive • Mm: The genotype for someone who is heterozygous

Genetics Vocabulary • • Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a trait Genotype: The set of alleles a person has for a trait Phenotype: An organisms physical appearance Allele: The different forms of a gene Trait: A genetically determined characteristic Dominant: A trait that is observed if only one allele is present Recessive: A trait that is observed only if both copies of the allele are present • DNA: A double helix of genetic information • Punnett Square: A puzzle used to predict the probability o inheriting a trait.

Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems #1: Write an original definition for genotype and phenotype.

Genotype: The genetic makeup (code) of individuals Phenotype: the outward (physical) appearance of our genotype (traits)

Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems #2 Some wild roses produce bigger flowers than other wild roses do. How could people use the genetic variation in wild roses to create roses that produce large flowers?

People could use the roses that were heterozygous for the large trait. When crossing these with other heterozygous plants the results would be 75% of the flowers would have the large trait, while 25% would have the small trait.

Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems #3 What is the unknown genotype of the punnett square below? ? ? T TT TT t Tt Tt

The unknown genotype is TT

Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems #4 TT TT Tt Tt If T represents the allele for tall pea plants and t represents the allele for small pea plants, what is the phenotype of each offspring?

The offspring: TT – Tall pea plant Tt – Tall pea plant

Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems #5 If two parents (TT and Tt) were allowed to fertilize, what are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the next generation?

The genotypes are: TT and Tf The phenotype is: Tall TT TT Tt Tt

#6 Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems Classify the following as either sexual or asexual reproduction. a) a small piece of cactus breaks off the plant, falls to the ground, and begins to grow b) Pollen from a male poplar tree fertilizes sex cells on a female poplar tree c) Two earthworms each produce sperm and eggs and fertilize each other d) a flatworm is cut in half and grows into two flatworms

a) b) c) d) Asexual Sexual Asexual

#7 Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems DNA is found in the _____(part of the cell)____. The nucleotide bases Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine, pair together. What would pair with the following code: A T G T C A T G C T A C G T A C T G

DNA is found in the nucleus A T G T C A T G C T A C G T A C T G C A G T A C G A T G C A T G A C

Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems #8 Match the word with a) The allele that overpowers the correct definition: other b) The allele that is not Heterozygous as commonly shown Homozygous c) Different Dominant d) Same Recessive

Heterozygous (c) Homozygous (d) Dominant (a) Recessive (b)

#9: Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems Create an example of each type of genotype using the following letters G and g. Heterozygous example _________ Homozygous example _________

Heterozygous example: Gg Homozygous example: either GG or gg

#10: Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems Create an example of each type of genotype using the following letters G and g. Dominant example _________ Recessive example _________

Dominant Example: either GG or Gg Recessive example: gg

#11 Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems Match the following words by connecting them with lines. Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction Identical genes Genetic material different Genetic material mixture from parents

Asexual: Identical genes Sexual: Genetic material different; Genetic material mixture from parents

#12 Relay Race Genetics Practice Problems How can two siblings have different traits? For example, how can one child have brown hair and their sibling have black hair? Explain your answer. You can use visuals to help you.

At least one of the parents must be heterozygous. For example