Genetics Human Growth and Development Human growth and

Genetics

Human Growth and Development Human growth and development is the study of how people change as they go through life. Development is similar for everyone, but each person grows and develops at an individual rate.

Areas of Development Physical development - all the bodily changes that occur as a person grows and ages. Intellectual development - a person’s ability to learn something and then apply this knowledge to new problems and experiences. Emotional development changes in a person’s ability to establish a unique identity and express feelings. Social development - learning to interact with other people.

Hierarchy of Human Needs A psychologist named Abraham Maslow developed a system of basic human needs. Hierarchy of human needs: ▫ ▫ ▫ Food, shelter, bodily comfort Safety, security To feel loved, have a sense of belonging Self-esteem, approval Desire to live up to one’s potential

Genetics is an area of biology that deals with the passing of genes from parents to children. Genes contain DNA: ▫ ▫ DNA consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes Each pair is made up of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father.

Genetic Diseases Genes can mutate, or break, and become the basis of disease. Two types of genetic diseases: ▫ ▫ Single-gene Chromosomal

Single Gene Diseases A single-gene disease results from an individual mutant gene. This type of mutant gene may either create an abnormality or fail to make something that is necessary. Examples: ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Cystic fibrosis Phenylketonuria Hemophilia Albinism Sickle cell anemia Red-green color blindness Tay-Sachs disease Huntington disease

Chromosomal Diseases Chromosomal diseases are the result of chromosomal breakage, an abnormal chromosome, or a missing chromosome Two categories of chromosomal diseases are trisomy and monosomy. Examples: ▫ ▫ ▫ Down syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome

Genetic Research Gene therapy - treatment of single-cell disease by replacing the mutant gene. Genetic engineering - imitation and artificial manipulation of DNA to create recombinant DNA.