Genetic Expression Outside the Skin David Reiss Center

Genetic Expression Outside the Skin David Reiss Center for Family Research, George Washington University GWU Research Presentation May 23, 2007 cfrdxr@gwumc. edu

Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD) M A F A Child age Sib type (A-A) Genetic related. 93 MZ 100% 99 DZ 50% 95 FS-non div 50% 182 FS-step 50% 109 HS-step 25% 130 Blended step 0% Time 1 11. 5 Time 2 14. 5

Adolescent antisocial behavior OBSERVER CODE Disruptive, rude, aggressive, coercive behavior brief, in home video PARENT AND CHILD REPORT school behavior Trouble in school, skipped school mean, bully. Stole, lied, cheated home and neighborhood

Illustration of within sib pair correlations for estimating genetic influence on antisocial behavior Sibling A Sibling B A’s antisocial behavior B’s antisocial behavior MZ DZ

Antisocial behavior: Mother, father, child and observer reports Numbers on vertical axis are intraclass correlations within sibships Heritability = 67% Environmentality: Shared = 12% Nonshared = 21%

Parent-child negativity: OBSERVER CODES PARENT AND CHILD REPORT Anger and rejection Coercion Conflict Disagreement Punitiveness Yielding to coercion Open conflict Verbal aggression

Illustration of within sibling correlations for detecting genetic influences on mother’s negativity Sibling A Sibling B mother’s negativity to sib A mother’s negativity to sib B MZ DZ

Mother’s negativity towards child: Within sibship correlations across sibling types. Numbers on vertical axis are intraclass correlations within sibships Heritability = 59% Environmentality: Shared = 15% Nonshared = 26%

Relationships and development: longitudinal study of mother’s negativity and adolescent adjustment Earlier adolescence Mother-child negative interaction Adolescent antisocial behavior . 15. 08 Later adolescence Mother-child negative interaction Adolescent antisocial behavior

A simple schema of parent-child relationship Maternal conflict and negativity Parenteddirected child behavior Ga

A simple schema of parent-child relationship Maternal conflict and negativity Source: J Ganiban, submitted Parenteddirected child behavior Factor(s) G Ga • Emotionality • Activity • Sociability (-) • Shyness

Level of maternal neg. (arbitrary units) The relationship between child temperament and maternal negativity and conflict Source: J Ganiban, submitted Reactive parent and analyst (Dana Satir and Sureyya Iscan) Hyper-reactive parent LOW Non-reactive parent ? psychoanalyst adverse child temperament HIGH

LO Proportion of genetic influence HI on antisocial behavior Parental behavior and expression of genetic influence on antisocial behavior Source: M. Feinberg, Arch. Gen. Psychiat. , in press Harsh parenting these include the non-responsive parents Warm parenting LO Directly observed parental behavior HI