Genetic Disorders By Haley Wahl and Catie Savarese

Genetic Disorders By: Haley Wahl and Catie Savarese

Genetic Disorder SKIN CANCER Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Melanoma 2

KARYOTYPES Melanoma and Squamous Cell: Abstract Karyotypes Basal Cell Carcinoma: Stable Karyotypes 3

HOW IT’S INHERITED 01 02 03 Exposure to ultraviolet radiation Use of UV tanning beds Family History 1 out of 5 Americans will develop skin cancer before the age of 70

DIAGNOSIS Begin treatment and attend regular check-ups Doctor determines type of skin cancer and the stage Observe a strange growth/lesion on your skin Go to the doctor Doctor removes suspicious part to do a biopsy 5

SKIN CANCER 6

SYMPTOMS BASAL CELL CARCINOMA ● A pearly or waxy bump ● A firm, red nodule ● A flat, flesh-colored or ● A flat lesion with a brown scar-like lesion ● MELANOMA SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA scaly, crusted surface ● darker speckles ● A mole that changes color, size or bleeds A bleeding or scabbing sore that heals and A large brownish spot with ● A small lesion that appears red, pink, white, blue or returns itches and burns ● Dark lesions on palms, soles, fingertips or toes 7

TREATMENT FREEZING Freeze early cancer spots with liquid nitrogen (cryosurgery). The dead tissue sloughs off when it thaws. CHEMOTHERAPY drugs are used to kill cancer cells RADIATION THERAPY EXCISIONAL SURGERY BIOLOGICAL THERAPY uses high-powered energy beams, such as Xrays, to kill cancer cells. Your doctor cuts out (excises) the cancerous tissue and a surrounding margin of healthy skin. uses your body’s immune system to kill cancer cells MOHS SURGERY PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY CURETTAGE Your doctor removes the skin growth layer by layer, examining each layer under the microscope, until no abnormal cells remain. treatment destroys skin cancer cells with a combination of laser light & drugs that makes cancer cells sensitive to light. After removing most of a growth, the doctor scrapes away layers of cancer cells using a device with a circular blade (curet). An electric needle destroys any remaining cancer cells.

LIFE EXPECTANCY - Chance of survival past 5 years Melanoma survival rates are based on the spread of the cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database: SEER… ● Localized cancer refers to stage 1 disease that has not invaded tissue beyond the initial point of origin ● Regional disease generally correlates to stage 2 or 3 and refers to disease that may have spread to nearby tissues or the closest lymph nodes ● Distant melanoma refers to a cancer that has metastasized to other organs in the body, such as the lungs or the brain. 23% DISTANT REGIONAL 92% SEER COMBINED 98% LOCALIZED 64% 9

CURRENT RESEARCH “optical biopsy” is reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). This technique allows the doctor to look at an abnormal area of skin to a certain depth without cutting into the skin. Researchers are studying if melanomas that develop from different patterns of UV exposure have different gene changes that might require them to be treated differently. killed melanoma cells or parts of cells (antigens) can be used as a vaccine to try to stimulate the body’s immune system to destroy other melanoma cells in the body 11

Citations Advances in Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers Research. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https: //www. cancer. gov/types/skin/research Gagos, S. , Papaioannou, G. , Chiourea, M. , Merk-Loretti, S. , Jefford, C. -E. , Mikou, P. , … Dahoun, S. (2008, August 22). Unusually stable abnormal karyotype in a highly aggressive melanoma negative for telomerase activity. Retrieved from https: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC 2533344/ Skin cancer. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https: //www. aad. org/media/stats-skin-cancer Skin cancer. (2019, February 20). Retrieved from https: //www. mayoclinic. org/diseases-conditions/skin-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377605 Skin Cancer (Non-Melanoma) - Latest Research. (2020, January 17). Retrieved from https: //www. cancer. net/cancer-types/skin-cancer-non-melanoma/latest-research Skin Cancer Information. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https: //www. skincancer. org/skin-cancer-information/ Skin Cancer News. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https: //www. sciencedaily. com/news/health_medicine/skin_cancer/ What are the Symptoms and Signs of Skin Cancer? (2019, September 26). Retrieved from https: //www. cancercenter. com/cancer-types/skin-cancer/symptoms

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