Genes chromosomes and DNA Starter Draw and label

Genes, chromosomes and DNA Starter: • Draw and label a plant and animal cell • State the function of the nucleus

Structure of Animal and Plant Cell Nucleuscontains the genetic information

Outcomes • Define the terms genes, chromosomes, DNA and nucleus • Explain the relationship between genes, chromosomes and DNA • Describe how genes controls characteristics • Explain why offspring have similar characteristics to their parents

Keywords • • • Gene Chromosome DNA Nucleus Characteristics

Genes, DNA and Chromosomes • Put these in order or size – Gene, Nucleus, Chromosome • Smallest is 1) Gene 2) Chromosome 3)Nucleus • What is the relationship between these terms? Watch this video to find out. • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=e. Ov. MNOMRRm 8

• DNA – The chemical that contains the genetic information.

Genes, Chromosomes and DNA Structure Definition DNA is a double helix structure that contains our entire genetic code. A gene is one section of DNA, that codes for a specific protein. Chromosomes are one length of DNA that carry the genes. Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a cell. Use this information to help complete the worksheet: Genes, Chromosomes and DNA

Answers to Worksheet Genes, Chromosomes and DNA 1. Genes 2. DNA 3. Chromosomes 4. DNA 5. Gene 6. DNA 7. DNA 8. DNA 9. Nucleus 10. DNA 11. Chromosome 12. DNA 13. Genes 14. Gene 15. Gene 16. Chromosome 17. Chromosome 18. Chromosome 19. Egg 20. sperm

Telegraph Paper (2009) “The gene for curly hair” • Ground-breaking research identified the trichohyalin gene as the one that is mainly responsible for creating curls. • Prof Martin stated: "This gene has been known for well over twenty years as being involved in hair production and it's a gene that sits in the sheath that's around hair roots. " • It is thought that a variation in this gene may create an amino acid change which in turn influences the straightness or curliness of the hair.

How do Genes control Characteristics How does the body take a gene (molecular level) and use the information to form characteristics like texture of hair? Can you put the following instructions into the correct order for making a characteristic 1. Translate that code and build specific protein 2. Take one gene 3. Form that protein into a specific type of Keratin e. g. straight or curly 4. Write down the base code

How do Genes control Characteristics 1. 2. 3. 4. Take one gene Write down the base code Translate that code and build specific protein Form that protein into a specific type of Keratin e. g. straight or curly The gene determines the protein coded for, the specific protein structure affects the nature of the hair texture formed.

Second example: Hair Colour 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Take one gene Write down the base code Translate code and build specific protein Form that protein into an enzyme Specific enzyme helps to build specific pigments e. g. brown, blonde, black hair The gene determines the protein coded for, which affects the type of enzyme formed and therefore what pigment will be built.

Plenary • Explain why offspring have similar characteristics to their parents. (3 marks) • You should talk about genes in your answer

Plenary Mark Scheme • • • Each statement is worth one mark You inherit your genes from your parents You inherit one set of chromosomes from each parent Genes control characteristics Genes are a section of DNA Genes are found in chromosomes (46) Chromosomes are contained the nucleus of a cell Gametes have only a single set of chromosomes (23) Therefore you will have some genes from each parent Each of those genes will give similar characteristics that the parents have