Generic Unix Directory Structure dsk pts bin rdsk

Generic Unix Directory Structure /dsk /pts /bin /rdsk /rmt / Root Dir /dev /term /auth /etc /default /init. d /sbin /rc 0. d /rc 2. d /home /rc 3. d /lost+found Y. K. Chang /skel Unix Systems Administration 1

Generic Unix Directory Structure /mnt /proc / Root Dir /tcb /tmp /usr /var /bin /games /include /bin /sbin /man /ucb /cron /sharee /adm /mail /preserve /tmp Y. K. Chang /lib /local /news /stand /X 11 /cron /netlb /opt /lock /lp /mail /mqueue /spool /uucp /yp /uucppublic Unix Systems Administration 2

Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /: – Base of the filesystem’s tree structure 4 /bin: – traditional location for executables. – Some systems: some files in /bin are symbolic links to files in /usr/bin, or /bin is a symbolic link to /usr/bin. – Others holding executables include /usr/ucb Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 3

Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /dev – contains device related special files. – Divided into subdir based on System V • • dsk and rdsk for disks accessed in block and raw mode. mt and rmt for tapes pts and ptc for pseudo-teminals term for terminal (serial line) – BSD-ish UNIX has a flat /dev – Solaris introduces /devices and files in /dev are symbolic links to ones in /devices Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 4

Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /etc – system configuration files such as administration file and boot scripts. – Traditionally, it contains executables for administrative commands, now in /usr/sbin and /sbin. 4 /sbin: system executables 4 /home – conventional location for users’ home. – Or /users Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 5

Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /lost+found – lost files referred to disk locations that are marked as in use in the data structure on the disk, but that are not listed in any directory. – Caused by incorrect system shutdown or disk errors. – Every partition has one lost+found dir. 4 /mnt – Tempory mount directory: an empty directory designed for temporarily mouting filesystems. Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 6

Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /proc – active processes’s images, designed to enable processes to be manipulated using Unix file accessing system calls 4 /tcb (trusted computing base) – security-related database files – SCO Unix, HP-UX 10 and Digital Unix. – Configuration files related /tcb in /etc/auth Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 7

Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /tmp – used as a scratch directory – cleaned regularly, normally one of the startup scripts will clean /tmp. 4 /var – spooling (/var/spool) and other volatile dir – e. g. uucp, printer, mail, and cron – some systems contain /var/opt for optional software products Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 8

Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /stand – V. 4 -designated for kernel image in HP-UX 10. Solaris has a similar dir /kernel. 4 /usr – contains subdir for locally generated programs, executables for user and administrative commands, shared libraries, other part – /usr/adm contains Unix accounting files and various logging files or recently linked to /var/adm Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 9

Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /usr (cont. ) – /usr/bin contains binary files and shell scripts, public executables such X 11 – /usr/games contains standard games, usually removed by system adm – /usr/include contains C header files. /usr/include/system has OS includes files. – /usr/lib has public library files (C lib for math and I/O in libx. a) Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 10

Generic Unix Directory Structure – /usr/local has local files, /usr/local/bin has nonvendor-supplied executables. – /user/share has shared data, such as online manual pages, font directories, files for spell – /usr/ucb has standard Unix commands origianlly developed under BSD. • Under IRIX, it is linked to /usr/bsd – /usr/share/man is one location for manual pages. • Traditionally, subdir mann has raw pages and catn has formatted versions of troff or nroff. Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 11

Generic Unix Directory Structure 4 /usr (cont. ) • IRIX follows an older variant, using /usr/share/catman which has several subdir: a_man, g_man, p_man, and u_man for administrative, graphics, programming, and user manual pages. • Or /usr/man Y. K. Chang Unix Systems Administration 12