Generation and Application of Attosecond pulse trains Anne

Generation and Application of Attosecond pulse trains Anne L’Huillier Femtosecond laser pulse Attosecond pulse train Generation • Easier, more signal • Complementary tool • Possibility of control Application Controlled sequences of attosecond pulses Measure and control electron dynamics

Controlled sequences of attosecond pulses Femtosecond laser pulse Attosecond pulse train ~1014 W cm-2 • Pulse separation • Central photon energy • Number of pulses • Pulse duration (metallic filter- Mansten et al. OL 2007)

Attosecond pulse trains using a two-color field 2. 7 fs E-field (a. u. ) 1. 3 fs Time (as)

Temporal measurements Odd harmonics Even and odd harmonics Inensity (a. u. ) Spectral measurements Attosecond pulse trains using a two-color field Energy (e. V) Streaking Trace 1 cycle Delay Mauritsson et al. , PRL 2006

Attosecond pulse trains using a two-color field Kinetic energy 3 Up 0. 5 1 Return time (T) 0 0. 5 1 Return time (T) Intensity Energy (e. V) 0 Energy (e. V) Relative phase (π rad) Mansten et al. , NJP, 2008

Intensity (arb. u. ) Central energy of attosecond pulse trains 170 as Argon + Aluminum López-Martens, PRL, 2005 Sansone, Science 2006 Intensity (arb. u. ) 0 20 40 60 80 Photon Energy (e. V) 100 130 as Neon + Zirconium 20 Intensity (arb. u. ) 0 40 60 80 Photon Energy (e. V) Gustafsson , Opt. Lett. , 2007 100 370 as Johnsson, PRL, 2007 Xenon + Aluminum 0 20 40 60 80 Photon Energy (e. V) 100

Short attosecond pulse trains Short driving field ETH Zurich • 12 fs • CEO stabilized Attosecond pulse train

Short attosecond pulse trains

Short attosecond pulse trains : Multiple pulse interferences Intensity Time Energy

Short attosecond pulse trains : Multiple pulse interferences

Short attosecond pulse trains : Multiple pulse interferences CEO- dependence Intensity (a. u. ) 1 0 25 35 Energy (e. V) 45 Pfeifer et al. OE 2006 Sansone et al. , 2004

Controlled sequences of attosecond pulses Femtosecond laser pulse Attosecond pulse train • Pulse separation • Number of pulses, down to one • Central photon energy • Pulse duration (metallic filter)

Measurement and control of electron dynamics Attosecond pulse train synchronized with infrared field toroidal mirror electron detection recombination mirror 1 k. Hz pulsed valve focusing mirror 4 m. J, 35 fs 800 nm Ti: Saph filter wheel beamsplitter delay stage

Streaking with an attosecond pulse train (1 pulse / cycle) Ar Itatani et al. , PRL 2002 Mairesse, Quéré, PRA 2005 Kienberger, Science 2002 Sansone, Science 2006 o Higher signal- Coherent superposition Imaging o Simulates an electron wave packet moving in a laser field o Quantum stroboscope

Coherent electron scattering with a train of attosecond wave packets He strong field 130 as Rescattering of the electron by the atomic potential Corkum, Ivanov et al. Diffraction by returning wp Mauritsson et al. , PRL 2008

Characterization of attosecond pulses in a train Weak field RABITT technique 0 Paul et al. Science 2001 -10 -5 Delay (fs) 5 10 1012 W/cm 2 q+2 17 19 21 23 25 q Harmonic Order The sideband signal oscillates as Ar small

Characterization of attosecond pulses Kinetic energy 3 Up 0 0. 5 1 Return time (T) Mairesse et al. Science 2003 López-Martens et al. , PRL 2005 The sideband signal oscillates as small

Characterization of continuum wave packet 812 nm 796 nm 3 p The sideband signal oscillates as He Hässler et al. , 2009

Characterization of continuum wave packet 3 x 1012 1010 3 p The sideband signal oscillates as He

AC- Stark shift of the 3 p state Clock 3 p Probe

Generation and Application of Attosecond pulse trains Femtosecond laser pulse Attosecond pulse train Generation • Easier, more signal • Complementary tool • Possibility of control Application Controlled sequences of attosecond pulses Measure and control electron dynamics

Johan Mauritsson Per Johnsson Mathieu Gisselbrecht Erik Mansten Marko Swoboda Thomas Fordell Kathrin Klünder Marcus Dahlström

ETH, Zurich: Ursula Keller FOM, Amsterdam: Marc Vrakking Polytechnico Milan: Mauro Nisoli LSU: Kenneth J. Schafer Mette B Gaarde

Attosecond control of ionization He Johnsson, PRL, 2007 Rivière, NJP, 2009