Generalissimo Francisco Franco is Still DeadOr Is He

“Generalissimo Francisco Franco is Still Dead”—Or Is He? Lessons in the Power of Visual Rhetoric

Picture this: New York City, 1975 Generalissimo Francisco Franco and Richard Nixon

Francisco Franco: A Man on the Rise • Military legacy • Spanish Army, Rif War in Morocco • Opposition to the Spanish Republic and Manuel Azaña

The Spanish Civil War Nationalists Republicans “Rebels” or “Fascists” Monarchists Carlists Falange Pre-war “Right” *Fascist Italy *Nazi Germany “Loyalists” “Popular Front” Parties and Organizations Basques *Soviet Union *International Brigades *Additional support occurred, but this was despite a Non-Intervention Agreement agreed upon by 24 separate nations.

Theory and Methodology

Francisco Franco and the Nationalist Visual Campaign • Strength in a Time of Fear: The Image of Francisco Franco • Ministry of Propaganda: Creation of the “Truth” • Memory and Dedication: The Valley of the Fallen

Strength in a Time of Fear: The Image of Francisco Franco • Act—Control and Saturation of Franco Image via Art and other Media/Use of Religious and Military Iconography • Purpose—Strength and Security • Scene—Divided Nation • Agent/Agency—Religious and Military Support

Ministry of Propaganda: Creation of the “Truth” • Act—Promotion of International Tourism • Purpose—Gain Support/Minimize Intervention • Scene—During Wartime • Agent/Agency—Ministry of Propaganda

Memory and Dedication: The Valley of the Fallen • • Act—Erection of Monument Purpose—Dedication to “Fallen”/ Resting Place for Franco and José Antonio Primo de Rivera Scene—Post-civil war Agent/Agency—Leader of Spain

And the winner is…

Picture this: New York City, 2015 SNL 40 th Anniversary