GENERAL STRUCTURES VERBS No conjugations All information contained
GENERAL STRUCTURES
VERBS
▶ No conjugations. All information contained in the Paradigm : Base form simple past participle ▶ Regular ( base form + “ED” ) / Irregular ▶”TO” + base form = infinitive ▶ Each tense is indicated by an “AUXILIARY” ▶Interrogative requires “Inversion” of AUXILIARY AND SUBJECT ▶Negative = “NOT” attached to auxiliary
▶ Tenses are SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS ▶ Auxiliaries HAVE PAST PARTICIPLE / BE GERUND ▶ All verbs require a subject
DYNAMIC & STATIVE MEANINGS ® DYNAMIC MEANINGS Most verbs have dynamic meanings. They describe • ACTS ( hit, knock, buy) • ACTIVITIES ( play, walk, work) • PROCESSES ( change , develop) The continuous form has a dynamic meaning ®STATIVE MEANINGS Verbs with stative meaning usually describe • STATE OF MIND (knowledge, emotion, perception) • STATE OF AFFAIRS ( being or having) The simple forms express stative meaning
What do simple forms look like ? subject auxiliary main verb I worked I have worked I had worked I I will would work
What do continuous forms look like? subject auxiliary Main verb I am working I was working I have been working I had been working I will be working I would be working
STRUCTURE OF THE SENTENCE SUBJECT + VERB ADVERB OF FREQUENCY JOHN GIVES ALWAYS + DIRECT OBJECT + INDIRECT OBJECT ADJECTIVE THE ADVERB OF MANNER/ PLACE/ TIME LETTERS TO ME IMPORTANT EVERY DAY
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