General Remarks and Examples The teacher says The

General Remarks and Examples The teacher says, “The lesson is over. ” – The teacher says that the lesson is over. “The lesson is over, ” the teacher said. – The teacher said that the lesson was over.

Say-tell-ask We use say when it is not followed by the person the words were spoken to. We also use to after say. “ I can’t fix it, ” he said. – He said he couldn’t fix it. He said to me he couldn’t fix it. We use tell when it is followed by the person the words were spoken to. “ I can’t fix it, ” he said to me. – He told me he couldn’t fix it. We use ask in reported questions and commands. He said to me , “Please, don’t go!” – He asked me not to go. He asked, “Are you OK? ” – He asked me if I was OK.

Expressions with say Expressions with tell Expressions with ask Say good morning/evening, say something, say one’s prayers, say a few words, say so, say no more, say for certain Tell the truth, tell a lie, tell smb. the time, tell smb one’s name, tell a story, tell a secret, tell the way, tell the difference, tell one’s fortune Ask a favour, ask the time, ask a question, ask the price, ask for smth/smb

Necessary Changes Verbs: said to, told, thought, explained, asked, wondered, etc. I said to him, “I’m busy. ” I told him that I was busy. 2. Personal and possessive pronouns: He said, “I must put my books on the desk. ” He said that he had to put his books on the desk. 1.

Necessary Changes 3. Demonstrative pronouns, time and place markers: here now this these ago today yesterday tomorrow next month (week, year) last night (week, month) there then that those before that day the day before, the previous day the next day, the following day the following month (week, year) the previous night (week, month)

Necessary Changes – Sequence of Tenses: 1. Present Simple – Past Simple John said, “I live in New York. ” John said that he lived in New York. Bob told us, “I can’t swim. ” Bob told us that he couldn’t swim.

Necessary Changes – Sequence of Tenses: 2. Present Progressive – Past Progressive Mary said to us, “I’m learning French now. ” Mary told us that she was learning French then. We said to Tom, “We are leaving soon. ” We told Tom that we were leaving soon.

Necessary Changes – Sequence of Tenses: 3. Past Simple – Past Perfect Ann explained, “Jack went home. ” Ann explained that Jack had gone home. Mary said to Helen, ”I bought a new book yesterday. ” Mary told Helen that she had bought a new book the day before. ”

Necessary Changes – Sequence of Tenses: 4. Present Perfect – Past Perfect Billy said, “I have done it. ” Billy said that he had done it. Jill said to Ann, “I have made tea. ” Jill said to Ann that she had made tea.

Necessary Changes – Sequence of Tenses: 5. Past Perfect – Past Perfect Ted said to his mother, “I had done my homework by 6 o’clock p. m. Ted told his mother that he had done his homework by 6 o’clock p. m.

Necessary Changes – Sequence of Tenses: 6. Future Simple – Future Simple-in-the-Past We said, “We shall win the game. ” We said that we should win the game. Jenny said, “I will play water polo next Sunday. ” Jenny said that she would play water polo the following Sunday.

Reported Questions (General – Yes/No – Questions) He asked me, “Are you a student? ” He asked me if/whether I was a student. She asked him, “Do you speak English? ” She asked him if/whether he spoke English. Bob asked us, “Did you see the new film? ” Bob wondered if/whether we had seen the new film.

Reported Questions (Special – Wh – Questions) He asked me, “What are you reading? ” He wondered what I was reading. My friend asked, “When did you see the new film? ” My friend asked me when I had seen the new film. Mum asked, “Where will you go tonight? ” Mum asked where I would go that night.

Indirect Questions We use Indirect Questions when we need to ask for advice or information. We use the following words and phrases: Could you tell me…? , Do you know…? , I wonder…, I want to know…, I doubt… Could you tell me how much this is? I wonder where he is going. I want to know if we will see him again.

Reported Requests He said to me, “Close the door, please!” He asked me to close the door. Mum said to us, “Don’t make such a noise, please!” Mum asked us not to make such a noise. The teacher said, “Sit down, please!” The teacher asked us to sit down.

Reported Orders The teacher said to us, “Don’t be noisy!” The teacher told us not to be noisy. She said, “Close the door and sit down!” She ordered to close the door and sit down. Mum said, “Tell me the truth, don’t tell a lie. ” Mum told me to tell the truth and not to tell a lie.

Modals in Reported Speech shall/will - would can - could/would be able to may - might/could shall - should (asking for advice)/would (asking for information)/offer (expressing offers) must - must/had to needn’t - didn’t need to/didn’t have to/wouldn’t have to

Never changed: General truths: She said that the snow is white. Regular actions: He told me that he gets up at 7 every morning. Dates: Mum said he was born in 1985.

Never changed: Modal verbs should, ought to, had better, could, might, used to and must in the meaning “должно быть, вероятно”: She asked if she should study more. He told me that his brother must be in now.