General Geology 1162303 Dr WORRAWAT 3 Minerals and

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT 3. แร และหน Minerals and rocks 2

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT A vein of zinc sulfide (mineral name is sphalerite) Zinc sulfide crystals Zinc sulfide glows under UV light 6

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Chalcopyrite (Cu. Fe. S 2), Sphalerite (Zn. S) and Quartz (Si. O 2) 7

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT . 4ออกไซดเชงชอน และไฮดรอกไซด (Oxides, Multiple Oxides and Hydroxides) ประกอบดวย ธาตโลหะ รวมกบ O 2 ซงอยในรปประจลบ (O 2 -) สวนกลมไฮ ดรอกไซด มธาต H หรอโมเลกลของนำ เขาทำปฏกรยาอยในรป OH- เชน 4 1. กลมแรออกไซด เชน Cuprite (Cu 2 O), Zincite(Zn. O), Periclase (Mg. O), Spinel (Mg. Al 2 O 4), magnetite (Fe. O. Fe 2 O 3) , Chromite (Fe Cr 2 O 4), Chrysoberyl (Be. Al 2 O 4) , Corundum (Al 2 O 3) , Hematite (Fe 2 O 3) , Titanite (Fe. Ti. O 3), Rutile (Ti. O 2), Cassiterite (Sn. O 2), Pyrolusite (Mn. O 2) 9

5. 1 Halite (Na. Cl), Sylvite (KCl) 5. 2 Fluorite (Ca. F 2), Cryolite (Na 3 Al. F 6) 5. 3 Cavnallite (KMg Cl 3. 6 H 2 O) 6. ซลเฟต (sulphates) สามารถจำแนกไดเปนสองชนด คอ 1. Anhydrous sulphates คอไมมสวนประกอบของนำ ไดแก anhydrite และ barite 2. Hydrous sulphates and Basic General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT . 5เฮไลด (Halides) ประกอบอยดวยธาตหมฮาโลเจน (ธาตหม 7) ตวอยางเชน 10

Oxide Si. O 2 Al 2 O 3 Ca. O Mg. O Na 2 O Fe as Fe. O K 2 O % Percent 60. 6 15. 9 6. 4 4. 7 3. 1 General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Compositions of the continental crust 6. 7 1. 8 13

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Minerals that form in the isometric system include all Garnets, Diamond, Fluorite, Gold, Lapis Lazuli, Pyrite, Silver, Sodalite, Shalerite, Spinel. 19

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General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Barite (Ba. SO 4) on Quartz 25

กำมะถนโมโนคลน ก ) Monoclinic sulfur) General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT กำมะถนรอม บก ) Rhombic sulfur) 27

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT An example of the triclinic crystals, microcline (KAl. Si 3 O 8) 29

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Hardness 32

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Muscovite is an excellent example of basal cleavage. )แนวแตก 1 ทศทาง ( General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Muscovite : KAl 2(Al. Si 3 O 10)(F, OH) 2 Category : Silicate 35

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Feldspar (KAl. Si 3 O 8 – Na. Al. Si 3 O 8 – Ca. Al 2 Si 2 O 8) )แนวแตก 2 ทศทาง ) 36

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Halite (Na. Cl) แนกวแตก 3 ทศทาง ตงฉากกน 37

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Calcite (Ca. CO 3) has three directions of cleavage. The cleavage directions not at right angles to( )แนวแตก are 3 ทศทาง ไมตงฉาก 38

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT The streak from pyrite is greenish-black. 40

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Silicon dioxide )Si. O 2) = ทราย = Quartz Colorless quartz 42

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT The color results from trace impurities Quartz with a pale pink to rose colored hue, which of iron oxides may be due to trace impurities of either titanium, iron, or manganese. 43

General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT A quartz of smokey yellow to brown to almost black color, where the translucent crystals may seem nearly opaque. The dark color is due to the presence of aluminum oxides A milky white quartz, whose color is caused by minute fluid inclusions of gas, liquid, or both, that was trapped during crystal formation 44

Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 ทบท ม Al(Ruby 2 O 3 : Cr ) The red color is caused mainly by the presence of General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Crystallized form Al 2 O 3 (Corundum) ไพลน (Sapphire) Al 2 O 3 : x Trace amounts of other elements such as iron, titanium, copper or magnesium can give corundum 45

KAl. Si 3 O 8 Na. Al. Si 3 O 8 General Geology 1162303 Dr. WORRAWAT Si. O 2 X 2 Y 4– 6 Z 8 O 20(OH, F)4 49

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