GENERAL CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES AND MODERN APPLICATIONS ELEVENTH EDITION
- Slides: 26
GENERAL CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES AND MODERN APPLICATIONS ELEVENTH EDITION PETRUCCI HERRING MADURA Matter: Its Properties and Measurement BISSONNETTE 1 PHILIP DUTTON UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Slide 1 - 1 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Matter: Its Properties and Measurement Slide 1 - 2 CONTENTS 1 -1 The Scientific Method 1 -2 Properties of Matter 1 -3 Classification of Matter 1 -4 Measurement of Matter: SI (Metric) Units 1 -5 Density and Percent Composition: Their Use in Problem Solving 1 -6 Uncertainties in Scientific Measurements 1 -7 Significant Figures General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
1 -1 The Scientific Method Louis Pasteur (1822 -1895) developer of germ theory pasteurization of milk rabies vaccination Called the greatest physician of all time by some. He was a chemist by training and profession. Slide 1 - 3 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Figure 1 -1 The Scientific Method Illustrated Slide 1 - 4 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
1 -2 Properties of Matter: Occupies Space, has mass and inertia Composition: Parts or components ex. H 2 O, 11. 19% H and 88. 81% O Properties: Slide 1 - 5 Distinguishing features physical and chemical properties General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Figure 1 -2 Physical properties of sulfur and copper Slide 1 - 6 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Figure 1 -3 A chemical property of zinc and gold: reaction with hydrochloric acid Slide 1 - 7 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
1 -3 Classification of Matter is made of atoms. 114 elements. About 90% available from natural sources Compounds are comprised of two or more elements. Molecules are the smallest units of compounds. Slide 1 - 8 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Homogenized milk is a heterogeneous mixture. Slide 1 - 9 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Figure 1 -4 A classification scheme for matter Slide 1 - 10 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Figure 1 -5 Separating Mixtures: a physical process Slide 1 - 11 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Figure 1 -6 A chemical change: decomposition of ammonium dichromate Slide 1 - 12 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Figure 1 -7 Macroscopic and microscopic views of matter Slide 1 - 13 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
1 -4 The Measurement of Matter: SI (Metric) Units Slide 1 - 14 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Slide 1 - 15 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Mass An electronic balance Slide 1 - 16 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Temperature Figure 1 -8 A comparison of temperature scales Slide 1 - 17 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Volume Figure 1 -9 Some metric volume units compared Slide 1 - 18 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Derived Units SI Units Length m Velocity m s− 1 Mass kg Volume m 3 1000 L Time s L 1000 cm 3 1 dm 3 Temperature K Quantity Slide 1 - 19 mol 6. 022× 1023 mol− 1 Force N kg m s − 2 Pressure Pa kg m − 1 s − 2 Energy J General Chemistry: Chapter 1 kg m 2 s − 2 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
1 -5 Density and Percent Composition: Their Use in Problem Solving Density in Conversion Pathways What is the mass of a cube of osmium that is 1. 25 inches on each side? inches Os → cm 3 Os → g Os Slide 1 - 20 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Figure 1 -10 Measuring Volume of an Irregular Object Slide 1 - 21 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
1 -6 Uncertainties in Scientific Measurements Systematic errors. Thermometer constantly 2ºC too low. Random errors Limitation in reading a scale. Precision Reproducibility of a measurement. Accuracy How close to the real value. Slide 1 - 22 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
Slide 1 - 23 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
1 -7 Significant Figures Figure 1 -11 Determining the number of significant figures in a quantity Slide 1 - 24 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
The calculators show the effect of the change in a low precision number (N) in a calculation 14. 79 × 12. 11 × N N = 5. 04 5. 05 5. 06 Figure 1 -12 Significant figure rule in multiplication Slide 1 - 25 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
End of Chapter Slide 1 - 26 General Chemistry: Chapter 1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc.
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