General Biology lab Lab 5 The Cell part
General Biology lab Lab 5 The Cell part (B)
Animal Cell Animals • Are multicellular eukaryotes; they are heterotrophic that dependent for other organism for sustenance (ingest their food). • Lack the distinctive cell walls of plants & fungi.
They consist of • Nucleus : spherical body located in the central portion of the cell. • Chromatin : the threadlike material within the nucleus. • Nucleoplasm or nucleor sap : the fluid phase within the nucleus. • Nucleolus: A tiny dark-stained body within the nucleus.
• Nuclear envelope : the boundary around the nucleus. • Cytoplasm : the fluids around the nucleus. • Plasma membrane : the outer non-rigid boundary of cytoplasm.
Plant cell Plant • Are multicellular eukaryotes, they are autotrophic, that obtain most of their energy from sunlight by photosynthesis
Ø Plant cells differ from animal cells in the following ways: 1. Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls. 2. There is a central vacuole that stores water. 3. Plant contain pigment. 4. There are chloroplasts which is the site of photosynthesis.
Plant organelles Ø Plastids • Are organelles that found in plant their most prominent members are the chloroplasts. • Type of plastids are 1. the chloroplasts 2. the chromoplasts (colored) 3. the leucoplast (colorless).
Chloroplast – Contain the green pigment, chlorophyll. – the site of photosynthesis. – the site ATP production.
Chromoplast which contain pigments other than chlorophyll
• Leucoplasts may be further divided into groups based on physiological function : – Amyloplasts : accumulate starch (starch grains) – Elaioplasts : accumulate oils – Proteinoplasts : accumulate Protein
Ø The central vacuole – The central vacuole often occupies a large space within the cytoplasm of plant cells. – Under healthy conditions for plant cells, the central vacuole is large and produces turgor pressure against the cell wall. Ø The cell wall – located outside the cell membrane – Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
Kingdom Fungi • Are eukaryotic organisms their DNA is enclosed in a nucleus. Many of them may look plant-like, but fungi do not make their own food from sunlight like plant do. • Fungi have cell walls made of chitin.
• Fungi include 1. The yeast – single-celled creature that exist individually – Yeast cell look like little round or oval blobs under microscope – They are too tiny to see as individuals, but you can see large clusters of them as a white powdery coating on fruits and leaves
2. Mold – is a fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae § Example of mold : 1. Aspergillus 2. Penicillium
Aspergillus sp
Penicillium sp.
3. Mushrooms • Are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macro fungi. • Typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.
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