Gene Micro Array and GAs Ashish Anand Kanpur

Gene, Micro. Array and GAs Ashish Anand Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory (Kan. GAL) IIT Kanpur

Overview What are Genes ? Ø Why study Genes ? Ø What is Micro. Array ? Ø How it is Helping ? Ø Where does GA comes ? Ø

What are Genes ? Ø Ø Ø Alphabet of 4 letters [A T G C] , called nucleotide bases DNA Ø Sequences of ATGC Ø Double stranded, helical structure Ø Complementary Properties of Alphabets E. g. A T G C C | | | T A C G G Gene : Nothing but DNA sequence

Why Study Gene ? Central Dogma of Biology DNA m. RNA Protein Ø m. RNA : Sequence of 4 letters [A U G C] Ø Protein : Sequence of 20 Amino Acids Ø Gene Encodes Proteins Ø Regulates functioning of whole system Ø

What is Micro. Array ? ØA small glass slide or nylon substrates ØEach small square represents 1 gene ØUses Complementary Property of DNA sequence ØA technology to study large no of Genes in one GO ØGives quantitative measure of Gene Expression

Micro. Array : Contd. ØMany Technologies ØTwo Color Vs One Color ØAffymetrix widely used

How Micro. Array is Helping? Ø Ø An idea of changed expression levels of genes in Ø Treated/Disease/Mutant/Knock-out Vs Untreated/Normal/Wild-type Ø Different Tissues/Cells Ø Different Developmental Stages Co-expressed Genes gives an idea of Gene Regulatory Network Functional roles of different genes and their participation in different cellular and biological processes. Diagnosis of disease like different cancer types

Where Does GA comes – Few Examples Ø Classification Ø Modeling Problems of Gene Regulatory Network