Gene Linkage Gene Mapping Human Genome Project Gene

Gene Linkage �Genes located on different chromosomes assort independently, but what about genes on

Gene Linkage �Thomas Hunt Morgan discovered in 1910 that YES, genes on the same

Gene Linkage �Fruit fly has 8 chromosomes (4 pairs) �Morgan concluded that fruit flies

Therefore…. �Each chromosome is a group of linked genes �Mendel’s theory of independent assortment

Gene Mapping �Student of Morgan, Alfred Sturtevant, wondered how we could tell where on

Gene Mapping �Sturtevant discovered that we can use the frequency of crossing over between

�The relationship: �The farther apart two genes are on a chromosome, the more likely

Gene Mapping �Genome- an organism’s genetic information in its entirety �We’ve mapped all of

Human Genome Project � 1990 - National Institute of Health (NIH) and the Department

Human Genome Project �Goal of the project was to understand the genetic factors in

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Gene Linkage Gene Mapping, Human Genome Project

Gene Linkage �Genes located on different chromosomes assort independently, but what about genes on the same chromosome? ? ? �Are these genes inherited together?

Gene Linkage �Thomas Hunt Morgan discovered in 1910 that YES, genes on the same chromosome are usually inherited together. �Mendel got lucky- most of the genes he looked at were on different chromosomes �Morgan used Drosophila (fruit fly) genes to discover this

Gene Linkage �Fruit fly has 8 chromosomes (4 pairs) �Morgan concluded that fruit flies have 4 “linkage groups” of genes �Groups segregate independently �All traits in one group are inherited together

Therefore…. �Each chromosome is a group of linked genes �Mendel’s theory of independent assortment still holds true-BUT �CHROMOSOMES assort independently, not GENES

Gene Mapping �Student of Morgan, Alfred Sturtevant, wondered how we could tell where on a chromosome genes are located. �Remember Prophase I… Crossing-Over!

Gene Mapping �Sturtevant discovered that we can use the frequency of crossing over between genes to determine how far away those genes are from each other on a chromosome. �What is this relationship? ? �STOP: DO THE LAB TO FIND OUT!!!

�The relationship: �The farther apart two genes are on a chromosome, the more likely that crossing over would happen between them.

Gene Mapping �Genome- an organism’s genetic information in its entirety �We’ve mapped all of the locations of fruit fly genes on its chromosomes… �Can we do the same for humans? ?

The Human Genome Project

Human Genome Project � 1990 - National Institute of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy joined with international partners on a quest to sequence all the genes in the human genome �This effort was called the Human Genome Project. �Completed in 1993 - three years ahead of schedule, under budget

Human Genome Project �Goal of the project was to understand the genetic factors in human disease. �This will help with: � Diagnosis � Treatment � Prevention �All data was made free to the public �The Human Genome Project has already fueled the discovery of more than 1, 800 disease genes Chromosome Viewer