Gene Expression and Epigenetic Regulation JESSICA LAINE AND
- Slides: 20
Gene Expression and Epigenetic Regulation JESSICA LAINE AND ELIZABETH MARTIN
The Central Dogma of Biology
How does the cell control these processes?
Research Questions in the Fry Lab What is the relationship between prenatal arsenic exposure and changes to gene expression? Are any of the genes that are altered in association with arsenic controlled by the epigenetic mechanism DNA methylation?
How were these questions investigated? 38 newborns Arsenic exposure DNA Methylation Profiles RNA (Gene expression) Profiles
Is there is a relationship between prenatal exposure to arsenic and functional epigenetic changes to newborn DNA ?
Microarray analysis was used to determine which genes exhibited differential expression The microarray works by first extracting DNA or RNA and hybridizing different pieces representing different genes to a transcript It allows us to measure how many copies of each gene is expressed (i. e. has transcript) This can tell us whethere is no, some or a lot of RNA transcript in the cell
What is a heatmap and how do you read it? Lower i. As Higher i. As ? ? ? ?
334 U-t. As-associated transcripts U-t. As (µg/L) A heatmap is a way to visualize data trends N=224 N=110 • • N=38 subjects with range of arsenic exposure, cord blood (vein) isolated Multi-variable models for association between arsenic exposureprenatal and gene expression
Conclusions There are 334 genes that show a change in transcript profiles in association with arsenic exposure in the 38 babies in the BEAR cohort There are gene that expression changes in both a positive and negative way: some genes expression profiles increase with increasing arsenic exposure and some gene expression profiles decrease with decreased arsenic exposure These changes suggest that prenatal arsenic exposure does affect a baby’sgene expression profile
Are any of the genes that are altered in association with arsenic controlled by the epigenetic mechanism DNA methylation?
The traditional view of DNA methylation
What would you expect to find?
What did we see when looking at individual genes?
What did we see when looking at individual genes? RNA Transcript Gene Expression DNA Methylation Gene Methylation
Where do these measurements come from?
What conclusions can we draw from this? Methylation does indeed control for some genes’ gene expression, in this study we found 16 genes were controlled by gene expression Some of these genes were related to important birth outcome including gestational age and head circumference
Questions?
What did the researchers actually find?
This pattern is present across the entire genome!
- Regulation of gene expression in bacteria
- Chapter 18 regulation of gene expression
- Chapter 18 regulation of gene expression
- "manuales delorenzo"
- Chapter 18 regulation of gene expression
- Ch 18
- Chapter 17 gene expression from gene to protein
- Epigenetic
- Epigenetic modulation
- Section 4 gene regulation and mutation
- Section 4 gene regulation and mutation
- Lac operon inducible or repressible
- 12-5 gene regulation
- Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes gene regulation
- Section 12-5 gene regulation answer key
- What is gene regulation
- Gene regulation
- Differential gene regulation
- What is a positive and negative control
- Gene by gene test results
- Operon lac