Gene Expression 1 Gene expression is the activation

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Gene Expression 1. Gene expression is the activation of a gene that results in

Gene Expression 1. Gene expression is the activation of a gene that results in transcription and the production of m. RNA. Only a fraction of any cell’s genes are expressed at any one time.

Gene Expression in Prokaryotes � 2. An operon is a series of genes that

Gene Expression in Prokaryotes � 2. An operon is a series of genes that code for specific products and the regulatory elements that control these genes. In prokaryotes, the structural genes, the promoter, and the operator collectively form an operon.

Gene Expression in Prokaryotes � 3. Structural Genes at code for specific products, such

Gene Expression in Prokaryotes � 3. Structural Genes at code for specific products, such as polypeptides.

Gene Expression in Prokaryotes � 4. A promoter is the segment of DNA that

Gene Expression in Prokaryotes � 4. A promoter is the segment of DNA that is recognized by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which then initiates transcription. � 5. An operator is the segment of DNA that acts as a “switch” by controlling the access of RNA polymerase to the promoter.

Gene Expression 6. Repressor proteins are coded for by regulator genes and these proteins

Gene Expression 6. Repressor proteins are coded for by regulator genes and these proteins inhibit genes from being expressed. They attach and physically block the advancement of RNA polymerase.

Gene Expression 7. An Inducer is a molecule that initiates gene expression by binding

Gene Expression 7. An Inducer is a molecule that initiates gene expression by binding to the repressor protein causing it to detach. RNA polymerase can then advance to the structural genes.

Lac Operon Video

Lac Operon Video

Central Framework of Molecular Biology DNA RNA Protein Trait

Central Framework of Molecular Biology DNA RNA Protein Trait

Transformation Procedure Overview Day 1 Day 2

Transformation Procedure Overview Day 1 Day 2

What is a plasmid? • A circular piece of autonomously replicating DNA • Originally

What is a plasmid? • A circular piece of autonomously replicating DNA • Originally evolved by bacteria • May express antibiotic resistance gene or be modified to express proteins of interest

Bacterial DNA Bacterial cell Plasmid DNA Genomic DNA

Bacterial DNA Bacterial cell Plasmid DNA Genomic DNA

Gene Expression • Beta Lactamase – Ampicillin resistance • Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) –

Gene Expression • Beta Lactamase – Ampicillin resistance • Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) – Aequorea victoria jellyfish gene • ara. C regulator protein – Regulates GFP transcription

Recombinant DNA Both the plasmid and target gene were cut using the same restriction

Recombinant DNA Both the plasmid and target gene were cut using the same restriction enzyme. Since the sticky ends would easily bond together, the target gene was spliced into the plasmid DNA.

What is Transformation? Cell wall GFP • Uptake of foreign DNA, often a circular

What is Transformation? Cell wall GFP • Uptake of foreign DNA, often a circular plasmid Bacterial chromosomal DNA p. GLO plasmids

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more regulating gene expression Gene Expression is controlledmore regulating gene expression Gene Expression is controlled