Gender sensitive legislation vs gender unbalanced division of
Gender sensitive legislation vs gender unbalanced division of domestic and care work Dr Sonja Robnik sonja. robnik@gov. si
Talking points 1) Legislative framework of the reconciliation of work and private life in Slovenia + some figures 2) Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunites as an employer 3) Pilot project of harmonized and coherent local community approach to the issue of reconciliation of work and family life with the emphasis on active fatherhood
Reconciliation legislation Employment Relationship Act Less favourable treatment of workers in connection with pregnancy or parental leave is discriminatory. Parents of school children: the right to take at least one week of their annual leave during school holidays. Overtime or night work: only prior a written consent of the worker – parent: - if a child is under the age of three - if a child is under the age of seven or a child who is severely ill or a child who is in need of special care + it is one parent family Breastfeeding break (minimum one hour/day): for a child under the age of 18 months and the worker – mother works full time. Parental Protection and Family Benefits Act The right to work part-time: when having two (or more) children until the younger child finishes first year of primary school. Leaves: - maternity leave - parental leave - paternity leave (when the baby is born and the mother is on maternity leave) + 25 paid days in 2017 (after the end of parental year – 1 year)
1976 105 days mother 260 days can be shared 2003 Paternal leave (15 + 75 days by 2006) 2013 Maternity leave: 105 days Each parent: 130 days: => mother can transfer 100 days => father can transfer 130 days Paternal leave: => 25 paid + 25 with social security contribution days from 2017
When reality strikes … ". . . If I can't, he steps in; if we're both there, we both do, of course. But I think, that I am still the first one in line to get her to bed, to wash her. " Mother of a baby girl in a survey entitled Perspektive novega očetovstva v Sloveniji (Perspectives of new fatherhood in Slovenia), 20 05.
Gender Equality Index – EIGE (2015) 100. 0 90. 0 80. 0 68. 5 70. 0 50. 0 40. 0 33. 7 40. 2 41. 1 41. 6 38. 3 38. 5 36. 5 37. 9 43. 7 43. 8 44. 9 46. 8 46. 9 49. 8 50. 2 30. 0 57. 3 52. 9 39. 8 20. 0 72. 7 74. 2 58. 0 58. 2 55. 7 56. 5 53. 6 55. 2 55. 3 60. 0 70. 9 10. 0 SE FL DK NL BE UK SI IE FR DE LU ES EU-28 AT EE LV MT CY CZ PL HU IT LT HR BG EL PT SK RO 0. 0
Employment rate, 20 – 64 y. o. Ženske (%) 59, 6 % 70, 1 % EU-28 Source: Eurostat Moški (%) 60, 0 % 67, 5 % Slovenija
Part-time employment (share in total employment) EU-28 Slovenija 35% 30% 32. 2% 30. 4% 28. 0% 25% 20% 13. 7% 15% 10% 5% 5. 9% 4. 3% 7. 6% 10. 4% 7. 0% 6. 2% 8. 8% 6. 8% 0% Moški Ženske 2002 Vir: Eurostat Moški Ženske 2008 Moški Ženske 2014
Employed women Employed men Number of hours/week 14 10 25 15 Housekeeping tasks Care for children Eurofond, 2012 10 h/week 520 h/year = 22 days = 65 working days (8 h/day)
• Absence from work due to care for an ill family member (2013): • M: 116. 360 days (18 %) • W: 533. 461 days (82 %) • (Part) of 260 days of parental leave (2011): • M: 1. 538 • Paternity (dady’s) leave (2013): • Up to 15 days: 16. 625 fathers • Remained 75 days: 3. 414 fathers
2002 60, 7 41, 8 51, 7 32, 1 54, 3 65, 8 41, 3 44, 3 77, 4 Obalno - kraška Goriška Notranjsko - kraška Gorenjska Osrednjeslovenska Jugovzhodna Slovenija Spodnjeposavska Zasavska Savinjska Koroška Podravska Pomurska SLOVENIJA Presence of fathers at birth by statistical regions 68 60, 8 73, 1 64, 9 2013 76, 8 52, 9 59, 3 63, 3 74, 9 89, 8 69, 5 64, 1 87, 5 84, 6 88, 9 87, 1 83, 0 Source: NIJZ
„He sort of helps me…" – Gender equality and reconciliation of work and family life Şource: Google Pictures
Yes, I have already changed my job due to better reconciliation of work and family life Men 14, 7% Women 31, 6%
Yes, family conditions were already an obstacle for me not to change my job eventhough I wanted to do it. Men 7, 4% Women 15, 8%
Yea, I have already gave up promotion due to family responsibilities. Men 2, 3% Women 9, 1%
Men: how often were you ALONE with your child until he/she was 1 year old? 0. 0% 8. 5% 15. 9% 26. 6% 28. 1% Nikoli 19. 4% Skoraj nikoli Redko Pogosto Zelo pogosto
I rather do my own clothes as they are washed better. Ženske 85. 9% 100% Moški 80% 60% 53. 0% 36. 0% 40% 9. 9% 6. 3% 7. 1% 20% 0% Nestrinjanje Niti-niti Strinjanje
I rather do the house cleaning by myself as it is done better. 82. 2% Ženske 90% Moški 80% 70% 47. 9% 60% 50% 38. 8% 40% 30% 12. 2% 12. 1% 5. 0% 20% 10% 0% Nestrinjanje Niti-niti Strinjanje
Ministry as an employer
Measures These measures (very) much affect • Flexible working hours (from 6. 30) • Team for the reconciliation 81% 75% 74% 82% 76% • Teleworking • Communication with employees • Opinion research among employees 50% • PR & brochure • Trainings of the management • Reconciliation questions included in the annual employee development dialogue • Re-integration after long-term absence • Minister‘s greeting card to new-borns • Assessment of heads/directors • Trainings/lectures for parents/partners • Children in the organisation My loyalty My working Satisfaction satisfaction Less stress. Less sicktowards efficiency. with work. with life in leave employer. general. (child/me).
From theory to practice
Opinion & needs identification Workshops/ trainings Guidelines/ handbooks Role models Activities in schools Promotional spots Activities in childcare Documentary Activities for policy makers
https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=h-BWk 8 anv 6 Q
- Slides: 24