GENDER AND IDENTITY HOW DOES GENDER SHAPE YOUR

LEARNING OBJECTIVES �Explain how gender influences a person’s identity. �Be able to evaluate the

SEX AND GENDER – WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? SEX GENDER �Biological differences between males

BIOLOGY V CULTURE �What evidence do the Sociobiologists use to explain the differences between

GENDER STEREOTYPES • Men are: strong, rational, tough, business- minded, capable, logical. • Women

GENDER STEREOTYPES - DISNEY http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=B 8 O 8 p 0

GENDER ROLE SOCIALISATION �Gender differences between males and females are largely the result of

HEGEMONY �Connell (2002) – hegemonic masculinity and femininity dominated our culture until recently. �Distinct

PROCESSES TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER IDENTITY. �MANIPULATION – encourage and reward sex appropriate

GENDER CODES �Statham (1986) – by the age of 5, most children have acquired

THE EDUCATION SYSTEM AND TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLE SOCIALISATION �Sue Sharpe – study of working

CRITICISMS OF GENDER ROLE SOCIALISATION �Are the experiences of all �Are we so passive

How is it done? �Examples of role modelling, imitation and sanctions in �Primary agents

Activity in workbooks �How do agents of socialisation affect gender identity? �Family �Education �Media

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GENDER AND IDENTITY HOW DOES GENDER SHAPE YOUR IDENTITY? http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=g. MYm. IXuh. Tvo http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vqsbv. G 40 Ww&feature=related

LEARNING OBJECTIVES �Explain how gender influences a person’s identity. �Be able to evaluate the notion that gender identities have been socially constructed.

SEX AND GENDER – WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE? SEX GENDER �Biological differences between males and females. �Chromosomes, hormones, menstruation and genitalia. �Cultural expectations. �Each gender is expected to conform to masculine and feminine behaviour. �These concepts are not fixed; they change over time and differ from culture to culture.

BIOLOGY V CULTURE �What evidence do the Sociobiologists use to explain the differences between the sexes? �What evidence does the feminist Ann Oakly use to counter-argue the biological arguement?

GENDER STEREOTYPES • Men are: strong, rational, tough, business- minded, capable, logical. • Women are: passive, gentle, caring, emotional, dizzy, maternal.

GENDER STEREOTYPES - DISNEY http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=B 8 O 8 p 0 Ac 1 Rg

GENDER ROLE SOCIALISATION �Gender differences between males and females are largely the result of society’s expectations. �Masculinity and Femininity are SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTED rather than being the product of biology.

HEGEMONY �Connell (2002) – hegemonic masculinity and femininity dominated our culture until recently. �Distinct maternal and paternal family roles.

PROCESSES TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER IDENTITY. �MANIPULATION – encourage and reward sex appropriate behaviour. �CANALIZATION – directed towards appropriate toys �DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES �VERBAL APPELLATIONS

GENDER CODES �Statham (1986) – by the age of 5, most children have acquired a clear identity.

THE EDUCATION SYSTEM AND TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLE SOCIALISATION �Sue Sharpe – study of working class girls in the 1970’s –found that girls education was regarded as less important than boys. �Early feminist studies in the 1970’s

CRITICISMS OF GENDER ROLE SOCIALISATION �Are the experiences of all �Are we so passive that men and women the we accept the gender same? Do they differ roles imposed upon us? according to age, ethnicity, class?

How is it done? �Examples of role modelling, imitation and sanctions in �Primary agents �Secondary agents �http: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=j. Ccio 8 Kd. Wf. M �http: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=ebno 9 Rt 0 be. U �http: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=V 8 gp. HK 5 or. JQ �

Activity in workbooks �How do agents of socialisation affect gender identity? �Family �Education �Media �Religion �Peer group �Media