GEIN IDMEC Industrial Management and Engineering Research Unit

GEIN - IDMEC Industrial Management and Engineering Research Unit Main activities in the period 2003 -2008 Unidade avaliada pela FCT como VERY GOOD em Dezembro 2008 1

Unit Description (today) • One out of the six units of the Mechanical Engineering Institute (IDMEC-Porto) • Addresses the subject of Industrial Management and Engineering • 6 members and 7 Ph. D students • The unit is coordinated by Prof. J. Sarsfield Cabral External Scientific Council – – – Professor Alan Mercer (University of Lancaster, U. K. ), Professor Jaime Barceló (Universidade Politécnica da Catalunha, Spain) Professor José Pinto Paixão (Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa) 2

Mission of the GEIN unit • To produce problem driven knowledge* in the fields of Operations Management, Operational Research and Information Systems, and to disseminate it at an international level * Dealing with areas such as Quality Management, Simulation, Logistics, Information Systems, Data Mining, Marketing, Service Science Engineering and Management 3

Our Vision • To be at the cutting edge between theory and practice – Our area is focused on engineering systems, which requires working at the intersection of engineering, management and social sciences Management Social Sciences GEIN Engineering 4

Our Vision Management Social Sciences GEIN Engineering • We are an engineering unit, aiming to design and build innovative systems that operate efficiently: our research is focused on real-world problems • We believe this approach is crucial for advanced engineering education and benefits external organizations 5

Unit Reorganization • In the past: – All the Industrial Management teaching staff of our Department was included in the research Unit – This inclusive perspective was seen, at the time, as the best way of encouraging research activities amongst the teaching staff Results: a considerable number of less research active members penalized the global performance of the Unit the average scientific productivity was below the expected standards 6

Unit Reorganization • The new strategy for improving R&D productivity involved: – The identification and selection of the more active elements (the Unit restarted with only five Ph. D members) – The setup of two focused research groups in the areas of operational research and information systems (notice that operations management is the background knowledge of the Unit members) – The definition of clear R&D productivity objectives – The progressive integration of more researchers, according to their R&D performance The goal is, in the near future, to be a group with a specific research line, merged in the new broaden IDMEC Unit 7

Actions Taken • Examples: – Increased involvement with other external institutions (e. g. , Texas State University, Carnegie Melon, MIT, Birkbeck, Univ. Warwick, LIACC, Univ. Católica, Univ. Minho, Univ. Nova, etc. ) – Development of the Doctoral Programme – Regular staff seminars • to present current research projects • to discuss selected research topics considered of future interest 8

Current Structure • Information Systems Group (J. F. Cunha, J. L. Borges; Ph. D students: J. Moreira, C. Martins, R. Branco) Main lines: • Modelling complex systems and enhancing service delivery systems through technology (in particular, applied to e-business in the context of multi-channel services) • User interaction behaviour with Web systems, fixed and mobile • Information systems for supporting bus, driver or crew scheduling and rostering • Trip time prediction in mass transit companies Focus: to address problems raised by end user requirements when utilizing information systems or when analyzing data to support decision making in organizations 9

Current Structure • Operational Research Group (J. S. Cabral, A. Camanho, J. F. Sousa; B. Almada-Lobo; Ph. D students: I. Ferreira, G. Beirão, P. Júnior, P. Morais) Main lines: • Efficient algorithms and heuristics to generate good quality solutions for problems (ranging from attribute ranking to production planning and scheduling) • Performance assessment exploring the Data Envelopment Analysis methodology (ranging from assessing the performance of schools to the quality of life in cities) • Decision making procedures based on Applied Statistics Focus: to develop problem driven models to be manipulated, tested and implemented 10

The Doctoral Programme • The Ph. D Programme in Industrial Engineering and Management was established in 2004, and was adapted to the Bologna requirements in 2006 • It is coordinated by one of the unit members • It is a central source of talented research students for our Unit Some indicators: ü Thesis concluded - 9 ü Research work in progress - 20 ü Students currently going through the academic component - 4 11

Research Strategy • To select problems that require multidisciplinary knowledge and skills, and have a high scientific potential • Essentially, such problems are raised by the need of improving operations performance within service or manufacturing organizations • To promote teamwork between the two groups (Information Systems and Operational Research) • To foster cooperation with other research units and with external/international organizations (e. g. , Carnegie Melon, MIT, London Univ. , Warwick Univ. , etc. ) • To present systematically the research results in peer review international conferences and to publish them in leading journals 12

Unit Achievements • 16 papers published in peer-review international journals from 2003 to 2006, plus 8 in 2007 and 11 in 2008. • 25 papers published in proceedings of international conferences from 2003 to 2006, plus 8 in 2007 and 3 in 2008. • Authorship of 4 textbooks chapters from 2003 to 2006, plus 2 in 2007 and 5 in 2008. • Editors / Authors of 5 books from 2003 to 2006, plus 1 in 2007 and 0 in 2008. • Members of scientific programs of more than 20 International Meetings • Members of organizing committees of 3 International Conferences • General chair of 1 International Conference and 2 Workshops • Supervised 9 Ph. D completed thesis • Enrolled 10 industry contract research projects (>1. 5 million Euros) • Enhanced international contacts through papers co-authored by foreign researchers • A patent is pending as a consequence of the project [SMSBUS 2004] • Leading participation of the members in Engineering Education: Heads of “Integrated Master in Industrial Engineering and Management” and of “Master on Services Engineering and Management”. Other members of the unit are also members of the scientific committees of these educational programs 13

Publication Indicators * Includes International Journals, ISI Journals and ISI Proceedings 14

Information Systems Group 15

Research Projects Information Systems Group q ic. Bench - Advanced Benchmarking Internet System for the Construction Industry (2005 - …) www. icbench. net The general objective of the project is to develop a benchmarking structure and an open Web based system adaptable to other sectors (with FEUP, INEGI, AICCOPN, Ad. I, and funded by In. CI). Originating the CEDI spin-off (“Centro de Estudos de Desempenho Industrial”). • J. Falcão e Cunha - “ic. Bench - Key Performance Indicators for the Portuguese Construction Industry”, in Exploiting the Knowledge Economy, Paul Cunningham and Miriam Cunningham (Eds. ), IOS Press, 2006, pp. 11311139. - “ic. Bench – A Benchmarking Tool for Portuguese Construction Industry Companies”, in International Journal for Housing Science and its Applications, Orktay Ural (Editor-in-chief), Vol 31, N. 1, 2007, pp. 33 -41. - “ic. Bench – a Benchmarking Tool for Portuguese Construction Industry Companies. XXXIV IAHS World Congress – Sustainable Housing Design, Nápoles, Itália, 2006. 09. 20 -23, pp. 180. 16

40 companies registered in the prototype phase: builders, suppliers and consultants. Platform being extended to High-School Education benchmarking. 17

Research Projects Information Systems Group q Serv. Improv - An Innovative Framework for Improving Web Services to Customers of Multi-Channel Service Operations – a Marketing and Engineering Approach (2003 - …) The general objective of the project is to develop methods to improve the design of multi-interface service systems (with Banco BPI, and Texas State University, funded by Ad. I). Originating the SEB – Service Experience Blueprint, and the SSD – Service System Design. • J. Falcão e Cunha - “Improving Satisfaction with Bank Service Offerings: Measuring the Contribution of each Delivery Channels, in Managing Service Quality Journal, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2003, p. 471 -483. - “A Master Program in Services Engineering and Management at the University of Porto”, in: Service Science, Management and Engineering (SSME) Education for the 21 st Century, Bill Hefley, Wendy Murphy (Eds. ), Springer, 2008, pp. 181 -190. - “Designing multi interface service experiences: the Service Experience Blueprint”, accepted for publication in the Journal of Service Research. 18

SEB – Service Experience Blueprint for Explaining IB Service for Gathering Current Account Information Being used by Banco BPI and by SONAE Distribuição (Banking and Retailing) 19

Research Projects Information Systems Group q RCM – Network of Excellence in Mobility (2005 - …) http: //rcm. inescporto. pt The general objective of the project is to stimulate studies and projects related to supporting mobility of people. The project involves several ICT research institutes and companies and transport companies (with INESC Porto, STCP, EFACEC, Novabase-OCTAL Mobicomp, Sistrade, Geonav, ELO, OPT, INEGI, Centro de Computação Gráfica, funded by Ad. I). Originating several projects: SMSBUS™, BUSMAP, TRANSMOV, and IMS. • J. Falcão e Cunha, J. A. Cabral - PATENT being proposed: “Method for Providing Reliable and Useful Real Time Information of Vehicles’ Timetables using Text Messages for Mobile Devices with Small Screens - The RETI Method – Reliable Time to Travel Information Method. ” 20

SMSBUS (with STCP, INEGI and OPT): - 40. 000 messages a day during initial month of free usage (4. 000, after 0. 20€ cost). - 2005: 1 st prize IV Fórum Telecom “Public Services of Information”. - 2006: 1 st prize Deloitte/Diário Económico “Electronic Services”. BUSMAP (with STCP, INEGI and OPT): - 2000 bus stops, in Porto. 21

Research Projects Information Systems Group q MASCARA - Demand Responsive Transport Service for Increasing Social Cohesion in Urban/Rural Areas (2005 -2008) www. mascaraproject. com Cork City Council, FEUP, Universiteit Gent, Tuusulan kunta, Angus Transport Forum, SITA Firenze, Széchenyi István Egyetem (funded by INTERREG IIIC West – Project 4 W 01191) q Info. Vini – Enhancing the Experience with Portuguese Wines by providing high quality Web information (2004 - …) www. infovini. com Vinhos do Porto e do Douro, INEGI (funded by POSI – 781/2. 2/C/NRE). q GESBUS – A Decision Support System for Rostering Vehicles together and Drivers (2004 -2006) STCP, OPT, INEGI (funded by POCTI - Ad. I). 22

MASCARA Info. Vini 23

Research Projects Information Systems Group q Triana - Travel time prediction to support decisions in mass transit companies (POCI/TRA/61001/2004). (2005 - 2008 ) The aim of the project is to improve the use of the resources (drivers and buses) in mass transit companies by predicting travel time at shorter horizons (STCP company). • J. Freire de Sousa and 1 Ph. D student (J. Moreira) • Coordinator: Fundação Gomes Teixeira • Partners: Lab. de Inteligência Artificial e Ciências de Comp. (LIACC/UP); Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica (IDMEC Porto) 24

Research Projects Information Systems Group q Triana - results - “Improving SVM-linear predictions using CART for example selection”, In the 16 th International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 4203, pp. 632 -641, Springer, 2006. - "An ensemble regression approach for bus trip time prediction", In the 11 th meeting of the EURO working group on transportation, pp. 317 -321, Bari, Italy, 2006. - “Trip time prediction in mass transit companies. a machine learning approach. ”, in 10 th EURO Working Group in Transportation, Poznan, Poland, 2005, Publishing House of Poznan University of Technology. - "Ensemble approaches for regression: a survey", submitted to Pattern Recognition in December 2007 - "Ensemble learning: a study on similarity searching in the dynamic selection framework", submitted to European Conference on Machine Learning 2008. 25

Research Projects Information Systems Group q site-o-matic: Web Site Automation (POSC/EIA/58367/2004) (2004 - 2008 ) The aim of the project is to develop a platform for automating management activities of a web site, the establishment of a research network with other Portuguese universities; and the integration of research results in an experimental evaluation framework. • J. Borges • Coordinator: Lab. de Inteligência Artificial e Ciências de Comp. (LIACC/UP) • Partners: Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias de Computação (CCTC/UM); Centro de Matemática (UBI); Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica (IDMEC Porto); Portal Executivo, Sociedade de Serviços, Consultoria e Gestão de Informação; Sensoria – Design, Multimédia e Comunicação 26

Research Projects Information Systems Group q site-o-matic Results - "Testing the predictive power of variable history web usage. " Journal of Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications, Volume 11, Number 8, June 2007, pages 717 -727. - "Evaluating Variable Length Markov Chain Models for Analysis of User Web Navigation Sessions. " IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol 19, Issue 4, April 2007, pages 441— 452. - "Variable Length Markov Chains for Web Usage Mining", to appear in Encyclopedia of Data Warehousing and Mining - 2 nd Edition - "Scoring Metrics for Predicting Users Web Navigation Next Step", submitted to INFORMS journal of computing in December 2007 - "Mining Users' Web Navigation Patterns and Predicting Their Next Step", to appear in Security Informatics and Terrorism: Patrolling the Web, Volume 15, May 2008 27

Research Projects Information Systems Group q Wine tasting panel data analysis (2007 - ) The long term aim of the project is to study the effect of climate changes in the wine production quality of a Portuguese region. Wine tasting panel data will be used to provide a measure of the annual production quality and the impact of climate variables on the measure will be evaluated. • J. Cabral and J. Borges • Partner: ADVID (Associação para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense) 28

Research Projects Information Systems Group q Med. Qual: Assessing the quality of health information web sites. (2008 - 2011) funded by CYTED (Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia Y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo) The aim is to create a platform to enable the creation of a web site providing a hub to sites containing health related information. The platform will provide the means for users to assess the quality and credibility of candidate sites in a collaborative way. • J. F. Cunha and J. Borges • Coordinator: Univ. Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) • Partners: Univ. Nacional de la Plata (Argentina); Univ. Estadual de Londrina (Brazil); Pontifícia Univ. Católica de Chile (Chile); Univ. del Cauca (Colombia); Univ. Politécnica de Valência, Facultad de Informática – (Spain); Univ. Politécnica de Catalunya (Spain); Faculdade de Engenharia da Univ. do Porto (Portugal); Univ. de la República, Institito de Computación (Uruguay); Evimed Limitada (Uruguay) 29

Operational Research Group 30

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Lotsizing and scheduling in process industries (2004 - ) The aim of the project is to address more realistic and practical variants of lotsizing and scheduling models, using different solution techniques: exact and approximate methods. The breakthroughs are being integrated within the sponsoring organization (BAVidros). • B. Almada-Lobo - "Production Planning and Scheduling in the glass container industry: A VNS approach". International Journal of Production Economics, 114, No 1, 363 -375 (2008). - "A note on the capacitated lot-sizing and scheduling problem with sequence-dependent setup costs and setup times", Computers & Operations Research, 35, 1374 -1376 (2008). - “Single machine multi-product capacitated lotsizing with sequence-dependent setups”, International Journal of Production Research. , vol 45, No 20, 4873 -4894 (2007) 31

Research Projects - B. Almada-Lobo, D. Klabjan, M. A. Carravilla, J. F. Oliveira “Multiple Machine Multi-Item Continuous Setup Lotsizing with Sequence-dependent Setups”, Accepted for publication in Computational Optimization and Applications (2008) - B. Almada-Lobo, R. James “Metaheuristics for capacitated lotsizing with sequence-dependent setups”, International Journal of Production Research, doi: 10. 1080/00207540802446787 (2008) - A. Menezes, A. Clark, B. Almada-Lobo “Capacitated Lotsizing and Scheduling with Sequencedependent, Period Overlapping and Non Triangular Setups“, Submitted to Journal of Scheduling (2008) 32

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Hybrid solutions for operational production planning (2008 -2009) Austrian Science Foundation: Project J 2815 -N 13 The size and the complexity of this kind of problems forces the development of an approximation method, because the computation of an exact solution for the full problem is out of range assuming the available computational power nowadays or in near future. Therefore solution methods based on the combination of heuristics and metaheuristics and exact approaches seems appropriate and will be investigated. • B. Almada-Lobo and one Visiting Researcher at FEUP (Christian Almeder) - "Lotsizing and Scheduling on Parallel Machines with Tooling Synchronization“. Submitted to OR Spectrum (2008). 33

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Planning and Control Production Problems: FAPESP Project 2008/04152 -1 New lotsizing and scheduling mathematical formulations and algorithms for several industries, including soft beverage and textile industries • FEUP: B. Almada-Lobo • USP: M. O. dos Santos, M. Arenales, F. Toledo • USFCar: S. Massago, D. Ferreira; . 34

Research Projects Operational Research Group q CIVITAS_ELAN : FP 7 -SST-2007 -TREN-1 (2008 -2011) The mayors of the cities of Ljubljana, Gent, Zagreb, Brno and Porto have agreed to a common mission statement “To ‘mobilise’ our citizens by developing with their support clean mobility solutions for vital cities, ensuring health and access for all. This measure will be focused on the implementation of an innovative technology to manufacture bus bodies using lightweight fibre reinforced composite materials that meet tough requirements of high static and dynamic performance. • B. Almada-Lobo • Portuguese Partners: FEUP, CMP, STCP, OPT, ANTROP 35

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Efficient Consumer Response for small and medium sized companies (2003 - 2004) The aim of this project was to prepare SMEs (manufactures and retailers) for the implementation of ECR programmes. The maturity level of these companies towards collaboration was assessed through the development of a scorecard light tool. Two pilots were conducted to achieve a better understanding and to make future recommendations that can help companies to develop necessary skills to engage in ECR partnerships. (with ECR Portugal). • B. Almada-Lobo - A. Pires, B. Almada-Lobo and A. P. Guedes, “Collaboration between small and medium sized manufacturers and retailers” in Proceedings of the 17 th annual NOFOMA Conference, pp. 657 -671, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 9 -10, 2005. - A. Pires, B. Almada-Lobo and A. P. Guedes. ECR Scorecard Light for SMEs, Proceedings of the 10 th ISL – International Symposium on Logistics, pp. 323 -331, Lisboa, Portugal, July 3 -5, 2005. 36

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Design for Six Sigma applied to injection moulds industry (2006 - ) The general objective of the project is to develop and test a methodology based on the Design for Six Sigma approach, reinforced by Axiomatic Design and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization. The aim is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the design process. This methodology will be tested with the help of our partner, the Portuguese Association for the Mould Industry. • J. Cabral and 1 Ph. D student (I. Ferreira, currently in the MIT for a 6 -month studying period - hosted by the MIT Strategic Group of Engineering, led by Prof. Olivier de Weck, a world specialist in MDO) - “A new conceptual framework based on the ECSI model to support Axiomatic Design “, Virtual and Rapid Manufacturing: Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping, eds. Taylor and Francis (2007) - “Axiomatic Design Applied to Injection Moulds for Plastics Parts”, Rapid Product Development (2006) 37

Research Projects DSS applied to injection moulds industry Axiomatic Design is used to perform the zigzag mapping between the FRs to the DPs (physical mapping) and to convert the DPs into PVs (process mapping) 38

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Strategy for the development of the Portuguese foundry sector (2002 - 2006) The objective of the project was to develop and test a benchmarking methodology and a performance assessment model for the Portuguese foundry sector. Our partner, the Portuguese Foundry Association, is currently using this methodology. • J. Cabral and 1 Ph. D student (L. Ribeiro) - “A Benchmarking Methodology for the Metalcasting Industry”, Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 13, no. 1/2, pp. 23 -35 (2006) - “Uma metodologia de Benchmarking para a Indústria de Fundição”, proceedings of the 61º Congresso Anual da ABM; Rio de Janeiro (2006) 39

Research Projects The project was supported by PRIME Programa de Incentivos à Modernização da Economia and by the Portuguese Foundry Association (APF) APF is currently using this methodology 40

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Quality Management for Urban Transportation Systems (2004 - ) The aim of the project is to produce a reliable model for assessing service quality of the mass public transport operators. The model will be used to enhance public transport usage (STCP company). • J. Cabral and 1 Ph. D student (G. Beirão) - “A Market Segmentation Analysis Using Attitudes Towards Transport”. 11 th Word Conference on Transportation Research, Berkley EUA (2007) - “Enhancing Service Quality in Public Transport Systems”. Urban Transport XII: Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21 st Century, eds. C. A. Brebbia & V. Dolezel, WIT Press, pp. 837 -845, 2006 (ISBN: 1 -84564 -179 -5) - “Modelling Service Quality for Public Transport Contracts: Assessing Users’ Perceptions”. 9 th Conference on Competition and Ownership in Land Transport, Lisbon, (2005) 41

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Optimisation of CUSUM and EWMA control charts parameters (2007 - ) This project aims at developing specific methodologies of statistical process control to optimise the implementation of the Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) control chart and the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart (with UNIDEMI - R&D Unit in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, U. Nova de Lisboa). • J. Cabral 42

Research Projects Operational Research Group q DEAves – Assessment of Portuguese Secondary Schools POCI/EGE/60561/2004 (2005 - 2007) This project assessed the performance of High-Schools using the Data Envelopment Analysis technique. The research was conducted with the collaboration of Portuguese Schools in order to identify the variables and indicators that could lead to a fair performance comparison of schools. This analysis revealed a subset of benchmark schools, whose best practices can be used as an example to be followed by the other schools. (with FEUP, Catholic University of Porto, and the collaboration of a sample of Portuguese Secondary Schools). • A. Camanho - M. C. Portela and A. S. Camanho, “Analysis of Complementary Methodologies for the Estimation of School Value-Added”, submitted for publication in the Journal of the Operational Research Society. - M. C. Portela and A. S. Camanho, “Performance evaluation of Portuguese secondary schools”, submitted for publication in Applied Economics. -M. C. Portela, A. S. Camanho and J. Azevedo, “Análise do valor acrescentado de escolas Portuguesas”, Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Educacional, n. º 5, 107 -141, 2006. 43

Research Projects Operational Research Group q DEAves. II – Internet based Benchmarking System for Portuguese Secondary Schools, PTDC/GES/68213/2006 (2008 - 2009) The objective of this project is to develop a benchmarking site, available in the Internet, where registered schools can compare their performance with other schools, at a national level, based on selected Key Performance Indicators. This information is intended to support school self-evaluation procedures, and to promote the continuous improvement of schools performance. Some of the information collected will also be available to everyone interested in school performance. (with FEUP, Catholic University of Porto, INEGI). • A. Camanho, 1 Master Student (J. Ribeiro) and 1 Visiting doctoral student at FEUP (Abolfazl Keshvari) 44

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Research Projects Operational Research Group q Performance evaluation of retailing stores (2003 - 2006) The aim of this project was to analyze the efficiency of the stores, in order to identify potential performance improvements. For each store, it was determined the optimal area to be dedicated to the sales of products from each of the main store sections (e. g. grocery, perishables, lightbazaar, heavy-bazaar, textiles). The impact of exogenous conditions (e. g. , competition and demographics in the catchment area) on the performance of retailing stores was also modeled. The analysis also explored the changes in performance over time and compared the performance differences that are attributable to the different configurations of the stores. (with FEUP and SONAE). • A. Camanho and 1 Ph. D Student (C. B. Vaz) - C. B. Vaz, A. S. Camanho e R. C. Guimarães, “The assessment of retailing efficiency using Network Data Envelopment Analysis”, accepted for publication in Annals of Operations Research. (Special issue on Efficiency and Productivity). - A. S. Camanho, M. C. Portela e C. B. Vaz, “Efficiency analysis accounting for internal and external non-discretionary factors”, Computers & Operations Research, Vol. 36 nº 5, pp. 1591 -1601, 2009 - C. B. Vaz, A. S. Camanho, “Efficiency comparison between retailing stores using a Malmquist-type index”, submitted for publication in the Journal of Retailing. 46

Research Projects Operational Research Group q KEYIDEA: Sistema para Monitorização Permanente do Desempenho de Unidades de Negócio com base em KPI – “Key Performance Indicators” e DEA – “Data Envelopment Analysis” – Aplicação à SONAE Distribuição O objectivo deste projecto consistiria no desenvolvimento de um sistema de apoio à decisão que incorporasse modelos de avaliação de desempenho baseados em técnicas analíticas avançadas, tais como Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). O resultado do projecto seria uma plataforma informática de disponibilização de indicadores de desempenho. Esses indicadores incluiriam os Key Performance Indicators (KPI) da empresa bem como outros indicadores síntese de eficiência. A eficiência poderia ser estimada num nível mais genérico correspondendo a um nível mais global das lojas (incluindo as suas diversas secções) ou num nível mais específico baseado em informação do cartão cliente. Por exemplo: estabelecer comparações relativas de desempenho das lojas para determinados segmentos de clientes, ou de produtos, bem como analisar a evolução de desempenho ao longo do tempo. Esta última análise permitiria avaliar o impacto das promoções no desempenho das lojas. (with FEUP and SONAE: submitted in November 2008). • A. Camanho, J. F. Cunha and 1 Ph. D Student (Vera Migueis) 47

Research Projects Operational Research Group q PRESPO: Desarrollo Sostenible de las Pesquerias Artesanales del Arco Atlántico O objectivo deste projecto consiste na recolha de informação científica que permita melhorar a gestao das pescarias artesanais, tornando-as sustentáveis do ponto de vista biológico, social, económico e ambiental. Procurar-se-á também compreender a problemática das descargas fora de lota (ilegais) para tentar encontrar formas de as limitar. A metodologia a usar neste projecto terá por base o modelo DPSIR, utilizado pela European Environmental Agency, que liga informação relativa à sustentabilidade com indicadores de diferentes categorias (Driving forces, Pressure, State, Impacts and Responses). Parceiros: Portugal: FEUP e IPIMAR. Espanha: CETMAR, AZTI, CEP, UCA, UHU, IFAPA. França: IFREMER, AGLIA, RICEP. Projecto Europeu aprovado no âmbito do programa INTERREG (início em Jan. 2009) • A. Camanho and 1 Ph. D Student (Manuela Oliveira) 48

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Avaliação do desempenho das cidades na óptica da qualidade de vida O objectivo deste projecto é avaliar o desempenho das cidades no incremento da qualidade de vida dos cidadãos. Partindo dos dados do Urban Audit , este estudo aplica Data Envelopment Analysis ao perfil da cada cidade (que reúne uma série de dados objectivos para nove dimensões, que vão da economia ao lazer) para perceber de que forma dado input (PIB per capita) se reflecte na qualidade de vida, conseguindo desta forma uma medida de eficiência das políticas urbanas. Avalia-se ainda a relação entre o perfil de cada cidade e a qualidade percepcionada pelos cidadãos (subjectiva). O estudo ira também analisar a evolução ao longo do tempo da qualidade de vida das cidades, medida através de um indicador síntese a desenvolver no âmbito do projecto. • A. Camanho, J. A. Cabral and 1 Ph. D Student (Paulo Morais) 49

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Desenvolvimento de um sistema para avaliação e melhoria do desempenho das empresas da indústria da construção, integrando KPIs e DEA O objectivo deste projecto será aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o desempenho das empresas da industria da construção, tendo por base a análise de KPIs e a técnica de DEA. Pretende-se também realizar uma análise qualitativa que permita a caracterização das boas práticas associadas aos melhores desempenhos empresarias. O trabalho também vai incluir uma análise do impacto do uso de plataformas de e-commerce na eficiência e na evolução da produtividade ao longo do tempo das empresas da indústria da construção. Pretende-se também contribuir para o desenvolvimento de um Sistema de Apoio à Decisão, adaptado a plataformas de e-commerce, para selecção de empresas a (sub)contratar. A. Camanho and 1 Ph. D Student (Isabel Horta) 50

Research Projects Operational Research Group q Weight Restrictions on Geography Variables in the DEA Benchmarking Model for Norwegian Electricity Distribution Companies The purpose of this project is to enhance the model used in Norway for regulating the activity of electricity distribution companies operating in different regions of the country, whose business model is a natural monopoly. The objective is to examine weight restrictions in the DEA model for distribution networks in Norway, taking as the starting point the NVE regulatory model with one input, total cost, and several outputs. In the unrestricted DEA models, we notice large differences in absolute and relative shadow prices, and for some companies, extreme weight on “geography” variables in the cost norms. This seems unreasonable, and one remedy may be to restrict prices / weights for individual outputs, or combinations of outputs. Parceiros: FEUP NHH (Norwegian School of Economics and Buisiness Administration) NVE (Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, which is subordinated to the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy and is responsible for the administration of Norway's water and energy resources) • A. Camanho 51