Geant 4 based tools for space applications Fan

Geant 4 based tools for space applications Fan Lei Qineti. Q 12 th Geant 4 Workshop, Hebden Bridge, UK 15 September 2007 © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

2 Outline • Background/History • A survey of G 4 space tools • Direction for future developments • Summary © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

3 Background • Space radiation environment: – Broad range of particle species: x, γ to heavy ions – Energy band: ~10 s ev to Te. Vs • Radiation effects: – Secondary radiation – Background/signal in sensors – Degradation in components (TID, NIEL) – Single event effect (SEE) – Radiobiological effects (dose, effective dose) • Radiation analysis tools are required for – Environment Modelling – Mission, payload designs – Data analysis © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

4 A little bit of history • First real G 4 space application/tool: XMM-Newton simulation 1999. Some of the issues faced at that time: – Geometry construction – Incident particle definition – Physics list • Some of the early G 4 developments ESA supported – G 4/CAD interface – G 4 General. Particle. Source – G 4 Physics Developments • Low-energy EM • Firsov scattering © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

5 A survey of G 4 space tools • Not an exhausted list and not including the more specific applications • Main features surveyed – User I/F – Geometry construction – Incident particle definition – Physics List – Analysis/Histogram – Post processing © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

Name Functions MULASSIS Shielding analysis Usr I/F Geometry Inc. Particle UI GPS/SPENVIS UI Physics List Analysis/Histo Post Proc. CSV SPENVIS 6 Own/ WWW GRAS PLANETOCOSMICS Planetary Radiation UI UI GPS Mod G 4 Packaged CSV/AIDA/ROO n T MAGNETOCOSMICS C. P. tracking in M. F. UI UI Own Transportation CSV n MRED/RADSAFE microdosimetry Python TCAD I/F Own Mathmatica/P ython GEMAT microdosimetry UI GPS/SPENVIS GRAS CSV/AIDA/ROO SPENVIS T GDML/C++ Own CSV/AIDA/ROO SPENVIS T GPS Mod G 4 Packaged CSV/AIDA/ROO n T UI WWW UI SSAT Shielding analysis WWW General Tool/Framework GRAS UI (WWW) FASTRAD CAD/User Front end GUI Open Frontier CAD /user Front end GUI © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007 UI / GDML C++

MULASSIS-MUti-Layered Shielding. SImulation Software 1 D simulation of shielding effects (planar or spherical). » Multiple layers of predefined or user defined materials. – General source particle distribution: » Standard spectral distribution or point-wise fit. » Unidirectional/isotropic/cosine-law angular distributions. » Spectra output by other SPENVIS utilities. – Choice of physical processes and defined cut-offs » Standard and low-energy Geant 4 EM physics. » Geant 4 Hadronic processes. – Facilities to determine: » Fluence (layer, particle type, energy, angle). » NIEL based on coefficients. » Energy deposition or dose calculation for layer. » Energy deposition spectra as a function of layer. –Results are histogrammed and outputted in Comma Separated Values (CSV) format – Available under SPENVIS (WWW) © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007 7

8 © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

PLANETOCOSMICS Interaction of energetic particles with Earth, Mars, Mercury Fluxes of secondary particles at user defined altitudes Permises atmospheric depths, and soil depths Energy deposited vs atmospheric depth and vs soil depth Propagation in magnetic field Different coordinate system relative to planets Visualisation of particle trajectories and field lines Analysis. Interdites based on Root or AIDA (Slide from L. Desorgher)

Dose in Europa soil (ice) Gurtner et al, 2006 (Slide from L. Desorgher)

(Slide from R. Weller, VU) 11 MRED 8 Unique Features • Python control shell • TCAD structure file parsing • General voxel array input mechanism • Constructive solid tetrahedron. Now G 4 Tet! • Screened Coulomb scattering and recoil tracking • Hadronic cross section biasing • Custom particle gun derived from G 4 Particle. Gun • Interpolating function or C 2 Function tool • Detector class with multiple sensitive volumes • Histogram class with Python and. Mathematica® analogs • Mathematica® output files with a compatible Python processing tool © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

12 © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007 (Slide from R. Reed, VU)

13 GEMAT- GEant 4 Macrodosimetry Analysis Tool Miscrodosimetrytool primarily aimed for SEE analysis: » Define multiple layered geometry with contact and depletion volumes via UI. » GPS for incident particle definition. » Physics list based on the G 4 packaged lists, similar to GRAS. » Analysis type: Dose, Fluence, Path length, Charge collection, Coincidence Detector (MBU) » Results are outputted in Comma Separated Values (CSV) format » Available under SPENVIS (WWW) © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

14 Neutron Data © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007 MBU rates

15 © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

16 SSAT-Sector Shielding Analysis Tool G 4 based sector shielding analysis tools: – Geometry in GDML or C++ – Build-in particle gun to firegeantinos specified angle window cells – Physics: G 4 Transport and new G 4 Normal. Transport for Geantino – Path length analysis: » 1 D/2 D distributions » in terms of material – Dose analysis » with user supplied dose depth curve – Results are outputted in Comma Separated Values (CSV) format – Available under SPENVIS (WWW) © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

17 © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

18 © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

GRAS tool description n Geometry GDML, C++, CAD (GDML) Analysis types – 3 D – Dose, Fluence, NIEL, charge deposit… for support to engineering and scientific design – Dose Equivalent, Equivalent Dose, … for ESA exploration initiative – SEE: PHS, LET, SEU models – Open to new analysis models Analysis independent from geometry input format Physics n EM, Hadronics, Ions n Pluggable physics lists n All text UI (macro) driven! Different analyses without re-compilation n Modular / extendable design n Publicly accessible Radiation environment SPENVIS, CREME 96, … – GDML, CAD, or existing C++ class, … Giovanni Santin - GRAS - Geant 4 tutorial, Paris 2007 Histogramming AIDA, ROOT, CSV 19

GRAS for James Webb Space Telescope Total Ionizing Dose n JWST background and TID n JWST TOF neutron production experiment Tool, Model Dose [krad] (11 mm eq. Al) Dose [krad] (18 mm eq. Al) SHIELDOSE-2, Spherical Shell, 3. 9 1. 9 GRAS, Spherical shell 3. 5 +/- 0. 2 2. 3 +/- 0. 2 GRAS, Realistic model 2. 2 +/- 0. 1 1. 1 +/- 0. 1 G. Santin et al. , IEEE TNS Dec 2005 Giovanni Santin - GRAS - Geant 4 tutorial, Paris 2007 20

Main Functionalities • Radiation CAD (Computer-Aided Design) Tool – 3 D Geometry (simple shapes), materials, sensitive detectors – Design assistance tools. – Import 3 D models : STEP, IGES • Sector Analysis Tools – Ray-tracing on complex shapes – Post processing • CAD Interface for others softwares – NOVICE import/export (EMPC) Ecole Geant 4 Presentation June 8 th, 2007 – GEANT 4 export (CERN) AD on R T ati S r FA nst on o e Se mo tern e f D A k/ l Ta is h T 21

Open Frontier Overview • Open Frontier is the engineering framework of ESABASE 2. – ESABASE 2 provides tools for space related engineering tasks. – Currently implemented: space debris and meteoroid flux and damage analysis. • Open Frontier provides – a user friendly and well proven window- and event- handling through the use of Eclipse (graphical user interface). – a very flexible and extendible concept for both data handling and user interface. – a CAD-like 3 D editor for geometrical models (based on Open. CASCADE). – STEP import and export facilities A ( P 203, AP 214; based on Open. CASCADE). – a GDML export facility. – specific editors for input data handling depending on the type of analysis. – specific editors for results (output) data handling depending on the type of analysis. – the flexibility needed for the potential integration of additional modules/libraries (e. g. radiation analysis input editors and tools for post-processing). Slide provided by K. D. Bunte

Open Frontier Look and Feel Geometry Editor(s) Project Explorer Outline Property Explorer Slide provided by K. D. Bunte 23

24 Direction for future developments • Geometry definition • Incident particle definition • Physics

25 Geometry definition • UI based simple geometry construction (e. g. MULASSIS, GEMAT) • In the engineering world, complex geometry design is done with a CAD tool – STEP is the exchange format • A G 4 CAD I/F is the most desire solution – G 4 had a STEP I/F, but – Issues with material definition – Requires further developments in G 4 geometry classes • Tessellated geometry solution – G 4 Tet (used in RADSAFE) – G 4 Tessellated. Solid (ESA) • Current solution: GDML – CAD -> GDML (FASTRAD, Open Frontier) – CAD -> STEP -> Tessellation ->GDML • Future: G 4 STEP I/F? © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

26 Incident Particle Definition • Link G 4 General. Particle. Source to space radiation environment models – SPENVIS (ESA/BIRA) – OMERA (TRAD) – SPACERAD (USA) • Solutions: – Update GPS to accept model outputs – Convert model output to GPS format (as done in SPENVIS) © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

27 Physics Lists: • Currents tools use a range of lists, but they are – Not properly validated – Not easy to maintain, some are in fact outdated/not working now • A dedicated set of physics lists for space applications should be created – Some work done in the ESA REAT-MS project • GRAS physics list © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

28 Analysis, Scoring (I) • Common analysis types: – Dose/Energy Depositions (MULASSIS, GEMAT, MRED, FASTRAD, GRAS) – Biological Dose (GRAS) – Fluence (MULASSIS, GEMAT, GRAS) – NIEL (MULASSIS, GRAS) – Deposited charge (GRAS) – Detector (GRAS, GEMAT) – Path length (SSAT, GRAS, FASTRAD) – LET (GRAS) – Pulse Height Spectrum (MULASSIS, GEMAT, GRAS) – Charge Collection (GEMAT, (GRAS), MRED) © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

29 Analysis, Scoring (II) • Histogramming – CVS, AIDA, ROOT, Mathmatica! • A common analysis package is desirable/possible – GRAS has the most complete implementations – Make use of the G 4 native scorer? © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

30 User Interface • Existing ones: – Command line script – Python (MRED) – GUI (FASTRAD, Open Frontier) – WWW (SPENVIS – MULASSIS/SSAT/GEMAT/(GRAS)) • CL, GUI, WWW are required © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007

A General Purpose Engineering Tool for Space Radiation and Effect Analysis? GRAS is being developed into such a tool – MULASSIS, SSAT, GEMAT, PLANETOCOSMICS has been/is being/can be integrated into it – Flexible geometry construction with UI or GDML – Can be link to space environment models via GPS – Most recent and complete physics list – New analysis module can be added easily – Can be run under SPENVIS, FASTRAD or Open Frontier © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007 31

32 Summary • A wide range of space engineering tools have been developed using the Geant 4 Toolkit – Shielding analysis, Micodosimetry, Radiation environment analysis, TID, NIEL, SEE … etc. • Common features of the tools: – Geometry construction – Incident particle definition: link to radiation models – Physics list – Analysis/scoring – GUI • A G 4 general purpose space radiation and effect analysis tool is desirable/possible. © Copyright Qineti. Q 2007