GCSE PE Short term and long term LO

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GCSE PE Short term and long term…

GCSE PE Short term and long term…

LO/ Can I describe/explain 6 long term & 6 short term effect of exercise

LO/ Can I describe/explain 6 long term & 6 short term effect of exercise on the body?

Core assessment: Explain the long term effects of exercise on the cardiorespiratory systems. (6

Core assessment: Explain the long term effects of exercise on the cardiorespiratory systems. (6 mark) ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________.

Exercise is physical activity with the aim of improving fitness and health. Training is

Exercise is physical activity with the aim of improving fitness and health. Training is a planned programme of exercise designed to achieve targets related to fitness or skills. Undertaking a well-planned training programme over a long period of time, will bring about changes in the body. These changes will depend upon the type of training carried out. The changes that occur can either be: 1. Short-term Changes or 2. Long-term Changes

Short-Term Effects of Exercise These can be described as… “changes in the body which

Short-Term Effects of Exercise These can be described as… “changes in the body which only last as long as you are exercising. When you stop they will go back to normal. ” Once you start to exercise, your body has to make sure that the muscles that are now working much harder receive the oxygen and glucose they need to keep contracting.

Short-Term Effects of Exercise 8. Sweating 1. Heart rate goes up 7. Body temperature

Short-Term Effects of Exercise 8. Sweating 1. Heart rate goes up 7. Body temperature goes up 2. Stroke volume increases 6. Respiration rate goes up 3. Blood pressure goes up 5. Diffusion in the lungs increases 4. Breathing is deeper

Short-Term Effects of Exercise 1. The muscles start to work harder, requiring more oxygen

Short-Term Effects of Exercise 1. The muscles start to work harder, requiring more oxygen and producing more carbon dioxide, which needs to be removed. 2. The brain detects these changes and sends a signal to the: Heart and Lungs to make them work harder.

The Respiratory System The Cardiovascular System 3. The lungs work harder as breathing is

The Respiratory System The Cardiovascular System 3. The lungs work harder as breathing is now faster and deeper. They take in more oxygen and remove more carbon dioxide. 4. The heart starts working harder and as a result, greater supplies of blood are sent around the body for use by the muscles.

5. Blood pressure goes up, but is prevented from going too high by the

5. Blood pressure goes up, but is prevented from going too high by the widening of the arteries. Blood is also diverted from organs like the gut and stomach and sent to the muscles which need it more This is called Vascular shunting! 6. The heart fills up more completely when it relaxes and then contracts more strongly, pumping more blood with each beat. This increases cardiac output!

Respiratory System – Short term changes Respiratory rate – number of breaths taken in

Respiratory System – Short term changes Respiratory rate – number of breaths taken in per minute. If the oxygen level in the blood is low, or alternately if the carbon dioxide level in the blood is high, our body is instructed to breathe more often INCREASES Tidal volume – this is the volume of air either inspired or experienced per breath. This increases during exercise INCREASES Minute volume – amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a minute INCREASES

Cardiovascular System – Short term changes Heart rate – during exercise the heart rate

Cardiovascular System – Short term changes Heart rate – during exercise the heart rate will rise to prepare the body for exercise INCREASES Cardiac output – stroke volume x heart rate. The volume of blood the heart pumps in a period of one minute INCREASES Stroke volume – amount of blood leaving the heart in one beat INCREASES

7. Since both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are working harder and faster, the

7. Since both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are working harder and faster, the skeletal muscles of the muscular system can keep going. The basketball player can, as a result keep going.

Other Short-Term Effects of Exercise A. As the muscles contract and work harder they

Other Short-Term Effects of Exercise A. As the muscles contract and work harder they also generate heat, which begins to make the body sweat. B. Blood is shunted closer to the skin, so that heat can escape through radiation, keeping body temperature down. This explains why you go red! C. Sweating begins as the body temperature continues to go up, helping heat to escape the body through evaporation.

Long-Term Effects of Exercise Regular exercise makes the body change in more permanent ways.

Long-Term Effects of Exercise Regular exercise makes the body change in more permanent ways. These are known as the. . . Long-Term Effects of Exercise Long-term effects of exercise are the positive effects on your mind and body that remain long after the end of the session. The actual effect on the body depends upon the type of exercise undertaken. For example. . . Weight training develops strength Jogging develops stamina Stretching develops Flexibility

Long-Term Effects of Exercise (Circulatory System) 1. Heart becomes bigger with thicker walls 7.

Long-Term Effects of Exercise (Circulatory System) 1. Heart becomes bigger with thicker walls 7. Heart rate increases more slowly as exercise begins 6. Quicker heart rate recovery 5. More red blood cells Human blood smear 2. Resting heart rate is lower 3. Stroke volume increases 4. Greater cardiac output

Long-Term Effects of Exercise (Respiratory System) 6. Respiratory rate increases 1. Minute volume increases

Long-Term Effects of Exercise (Respiratory System) 6. Respiratory rate increases 1. Minute volume increases 2. Greater Max VO 2 5. Tidal volume increases 3. Can cope better with lactic acid 4. Lungs have a greater vital capacity Section of human alveoli

Long-Term Effects of Exercise (Muscular & Skeletal Systems) 1. Muscles become thicker and stronger

Long-Term Effects of Exercise (Muscular & Skeletal Systems) 1. Muscles become thicker and stronger 5. Cartilage thicker 4. Joints are more flexible Section of human compact bone 2. Bones become stronger 3. Ligaments and tendons get stronger

Long-Term Benefits of Aerobic Exercise Aerobic training is low intensity exercise, which happens for

Long-Term Benefits of Aerobic Exercise Aerobic training is low intensity exercise, which happens for long periods of time, e. g. 20 minutes jogging. Here the heart and lungs work hard for a long period of time and so long-term benefits result in changes to the: Cardiovascular System Respiratory System …and

Long-Term Effects - Circulatory System A. The Heart Rate Stroke Volume Increases § §

Long-Term Effects - Circulatory System A. The Heart Rate Stroke Volume Increases § § The muscular walls of the heart become stronger, making the chambers slightly larger (hypertrophy). These chambers empty more fully increasing the amount of blood pumped out with each beat. Unfit Heart Fit Heart

The increase in stroke volume has the following effects. . . § The resting

The increase in stroke volume has the following effects. . . § The resting heart rate becomes much lower. § The heart rate increases much more slowly as exercise begins. § Recovery rates fall more quickly once exercising has stopped. Recovery back to the resting beat within two minutes. A Fit Heart At Rest An Unfit Heart While Exercising Recovery back to the resting beat longer than two minutes. A fit heart has a larger stroke volume, so it can beat more slowly but still pump the same amount of blood around the body!

Long-Term Effects § Vital Capacity: Increases as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles get stronger,

Long-Term Effects § Vital Capacity: Increases as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles get stronger, making the chest cavity larger. This means that more oxygen can be breathed in, and carbon dioxide breathed out. § Bones – Regular exercise makes the bones grow stronger. § Max VO 2 – This is the amount of oxygen your body can take in and use in one minute, which increases as a result of regular exercise. A fit person can transport and use more oxygen, so they can keep going longer and faster.

The Long-Term Effects of exercise § The Heart – The muscular walls of the

The Long-Term Effects of exercise § The Heart – The muscular walls of the heart become thicker and stronger (hypertrophy). § Increased amount of Haemoglobin produces so the blood can carry more oxygen in the red blood cells. § Lactic Acid – The muscles are more able to cope with greater levels of lactic acid and get rid of it much quicker. This means they can work harder and longer without suffering fatigue and becoming tired.

Core assessment: Explain the long term effects of exercise on the cardiorespiratory systems. (6

Core assessment: Explain the long term effects of exercise on the cardiorespiratory systems. (6 mark) ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________.