GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY NORTHERN IRELAND INTERACTIVE THE

GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY NORTHERN IRELAND INTERACTIVE THE TROUBLES 1969 -1993 Why has peace been so difficult to achieve in Northern Ireland?

Nationalists The Easter Rising 1916 Rising Photo 213 The Easter and Unionists The Easter Rising 1916 rebels failed to had different The About 1000 rebels The(now fighting lastedshelled fiveof The Four Courts building Men surveying the wreckage Sackville O'Connell) Street, Home Rule would have given the Irish their own take the control were views about from Irish and Volunteers days and caused by. Dublin, the British gunboat during Linenhall Barracks inmore the after the 1916 Easter Consequences of make the Easter Rising parliament that could laws related to and Home Rule. forced to Irish surrender. proclaim an Republic. than. Easter 400 Rising. aftermath of thedeaths Easter Rising in Rising. It was an domestic (Irish) issues. However, major decisions 2, 500 injuries. Dublin. Delay in Home opportunist Rulewould leads to 70 rebels were 16 and leaders of the affairs about the economy foreign still was rebellion led Martial Law further anger sentenced to death rebellion were government What be by made in London. The Liberal had a small imposed on Ireland. amongst by the British forces. executed. caused group of on Irish hold The British armythe poured put this until after the end of the First Nationalists. Easter Volunteers. into Dublin. Led by Patrick Pearse used World War. Although They the Irish Nationalists had and Rising James Connoly, they seized gunboats to fire on the rebels turned towards campaign to gain Internmenta peaceful Dublin's General 1916? The executions led to. Post Office from the river Liffey. (Imprisonment without Home Rule, there were aarise small number of Easter for Monday. inonsupport trial) ofwho leading Volunteer strongpoints Republicans were prepared to. Fein. use violence Sinnpeople Nationalists Some in Nationalists. saw the war Ulsterfor started to achieve full as independence Ireland. British strongpoints an opportunity to arm to rebel. themselves. Placements of rebel forces and British troops around Dublin during the Easter Rising, 1916. Northern Ireland 1968 GCSE Modern World History 7

Were Catholics being discriminated against? Examining the Evidence : Employment in Engineering Firms Employment The Northern Irelandview economy major weaknesses. Many of its In the had County of A A Protestant Catholic view Protestants Catholics In Derry, in 1966, Between 1927 -69, industries, particularly shipbuilding and textiles were old and a Fermanagh, only 32 ‘Many of you employ ‘All of my life I have been Fair Employment Agency Report into Belfast the council had 177 95% of senior posts out of 370 Belfast’s council expensive to run. In the 1960 s, biggest employer, Engineering firms. employees: 145 ingrew the Civil Service Catholics but I have not one Nationalist. I up in a posts were held by 0% Harland Wolfe began to close down its shipyards. Between 5% Protestants and 32 were held by 15% 18% 20% about the house. The situation of such poverty Catholics but rose nonetoin 6% across Northernand 1960 and 1965, unemployment Catholics. Protestants. senior positions. Catholic population unemployment that the lifeto Ireland in Catholicare areas of West Belfast and Derry it rose 18%. Even both sides wereof affected by unemployment, disloyal andthough disruptive. If we our people was no lifethe at 100% A Fair in Employment 95% Catholics claimed there was discrimination employment because The new University allow Catholics to work on all. I will want something 85% 82% 80% Commission was set Catholics the Unionists kept control of the economy and society. of Ulster was builttoin better than this for my our farms we are traitors up in 1976 to check a Protestant area end in of the job market and in unskilled were employed in the lower up on any Ulster. ' children. ' and lower-paid. Coleraine. jobs. Protestants werediscrimination. employed in the relatively Basil Brooke, Agriculture Aand Nationalist, Irish higher-paid areas of shipbuilding engineering. A photograph of Ford knocking off. Harland time at and Ewart's Linen Factory, Crumlin Road, Mackies Sirocco Shorts July 1933 Nationalism, & Wolff, Belfast 1911. 1988 The ship Belfast. Minister, Textiles manufacturing was one. Harland of Northern Ireland’s major industries. Wolfe in the background is the. Northern Titanic. GCSE Modern World History Ireland 1968 - 17

In July 1970, the British 3, 000 Catholic homes were What did Internment involve? army imposed a curfew on searched for weapons and It led to even Problems for the British the Lower Falls area of 3000 troops moved into PIRA members. 3 civilians Belfast. 20, 000 people more violence Government Catholic areas and arrest were shot. INTERNMENT and destruction. confined to their homes. 452 people. Internment failed spectacularly. Operation Demitrious The intelligence was hopelessly Events that led to Internment The British Nationalists They were detained at July 1971, the In British outdated. Not one ofsaw the 452 army’s response Internment as Crumlin Rd prison. Government imposedmen internment seemed toand be the arrested was a leading one-sided. IRA was A bombing campaign prison ship the Maidstone. hardening. They member ofmembership the Provisional IRA. In February 1971, the first of suspected terrorists without Why did carried out by the are seen as the British soldier was. The shot. aim was that. The first Loyalists were not increased. trial. if terrorist Provisional IRA. It escalated. Prisoners ‘bad were guys’. subjected Internment interned until February 1973. suspects fromfail? both sides were to hours of interrogation Others arrested included and abuse. removed from theirprominent communities, members of the Civil then thetoviolence would be Rights Association. In one instance Britain taken Civil rights In all, over 1900 people Beforeof Internment, 92 courtreduced. and found. In practice, marches were most in Armagh, the British army In March 1971, 3 soldiers were interned, onlyguilty 107 of people had died inwho the had organised in sought to arrest a man those interned were Catholic. were lured from a pub and were Loyalists. Troubles. Parts of the ‘inhuman and protest atfor thethe been dead past 4 years. executed. The HMS Maidstone, a prison ship docked at province were degrading introduction of out of control. Belfast where many internees were sent. 30 treatment’. Internment. GCSE Modern World History Northern Ireland 1968 -

The troubled Obstacles to peace in Northern Ireland Since 1969, attempts tohistory bring peace to Northern Ireland have failed. Many problems needed to be overcome if British army units The two religions The Catholic Civil Divided Protestants regard peace was be achieved. Many problems remained by were sent to Northern Inequalities/ andand communities rarely Rights Association communities themselves as British, were 1993. Loyalist Republican terrorists fighting a Ireland to help keep discrimination goteach to protested meet and know against unfair the Catholics saw war against other and Unionist and Nationalist Obstacles Both The communities nationalists and order in 1969. each other. Generations treatment. Itabout was peace met when the politicians found it hard to talk themselves as Irish. to peace in paramilitary loyalists forces. could not Catholics had welcomed grow up tofor be with hostility and other side was killing their people. There argument a united Northern The IRA agree used on violence the form of were also them at first but distrustful of. Ireland each other violence. Protestants divisions amongst the Unionists and Nationalists. The DUP Ireland can never be thegovernment British army for complainedagainst that tactics disagreed with and the UUP. Sinn Fein disagreed this made them thought that it was anwith the SDLP. won in a Protestant the Power Sectarian and killed Northern many. Ireland. people. Direct of army and RUC Companies andeven businesses have been more hostile to unwilling attempt to. Northern weaken the to invest in controlled during the Rule Protestantwasthehated but continued. sharing violence were directed against Northern Ireland whilst Troubles each other. government. Ireland. Catholic when titdistant for thetat Powerthem. seemed Peace a The hope by 1993. violence Sharing and terrorist Executive was Britishitarmy campaign. offered failed too. and RUC GCSE Modern World History Northern Ireland 1968 - 48