GCSE Geography AQA A Course Structure Unit 1

GCSE Geography AQA (A) Course Structure: Unit 1: Physical Geography Unit 2: Human Geography 1. Water on the land 1. Population change 2. The Coastal Zone 2. Changing urban environments 3. The Restless Earth 3. Tourism Assessment structure: Unit 1: Physical Geography Unit 2: Human Geography Unit 3: Fieldwork investigation Exam: 1 hr 30 mins 6 hr Controlled Assessment 37. 5% of GCSE Grade 25% of GCSE Grade 3 Questions form 6 75 marks 3 Questions form 6 84 marks Fieldwork write up 60 marks

Visiting family and friends Going on holiday According to WTO (World Tourism organisation), Which “Tourism involves activities are that require travel away classed as from home for at least one night” ‘tourism’? (most people however also include day trips as tourism too) Taking a business trip Taking a day trip

Tourism Key ideas (objectives) for this unit: • The global growth of tourism has seen the exploitation of a range of different environments for holiday makers. • Effective management strategies are the key to the continuing prosperity of tourist areas in the UK. • Mass tourism has advantages for an area but strategies need to be in place to reduce the likelihood of long-term damage. • Extreme environments are susceptible to environmental damage from the development of tourism. • Sustainability requires the development of ecotourism.

Tourism Key idea (objectives) Content (success criteria) The global growth of tourism has seen the exploitation of a range of environments for holiday makers. • Reasons for the global increase in tourism. • The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism. • The economic importance of tourism to countries in contrasting parts of the world.

Tourism What is tourism? ______________________________________________________________________ Where would you like to go most? _____________________ Why? ______________________________________________________________________ What would make it possible for you to visit your chosen destination? ______________________________________________________________________ Learning Intentions: Why is tourism one of the worlds greatest growth industries and why is it important for the economic development of many countries? Success Criteria: • Describe and analyse graphs of tourism growth. • Explain why tourism is a growth industry. • Understand the Multiplier effect on the economy

Tourism What does this graph show? Why do you think this happened? Learning Intentions: Why is tourism one of the worlds greatest growth industries and why is it important for the economic development of many countries? Success Criteria: • Describe and analyse graphs of tourism growth. • Explain why tourism is a growth industry. • Understand the Multiplier effect on the economy

Tourism Why is tourism one of the worlds greatest growth industries? (why do more people go on holiday now than previously? ) 2. Infrastructure 1. Disposable income in the UK 3. Holiday entitlement Study the information provided and page 234 of the text book. In your books explain how the 3 factors above have caused a growth in tourism. Learning Intentions: Why is tourism one of the worlds greatest growth industries and why is it important for the economic development of many countries? Success Criteria: • Describe and analyse graphs of tourism growth. • Explain why tourism is a growth industry. • Understand the Multiplier effect on the economy

Tourism Why is tourism important for economic development? HOW is money made through tourism? WHO earns the money? WHAT do they do with the money? WHY does this create economic development?

What are the Key industries involved in tourism? Tourism and economic development

What are the Key industries involved in tourism? Transport Shopping Entertainment Infrastructure Tourism and economic development Accommodation Food and drink Money Services Emergency services

Tourism Why is tourism important for economic development? Tourism can have major economic benefits for a country. Fill in the table showing what additional jobs are created as ‘spin offs’. For example hotels are just one of the things that must develop in the accommodation sector, try to add more, think of all the people that might work in a hotel. Then attempt to explain why tourism needs these developments. Key industry Associated developments/ Spin offs Explanation Infrastructure Accommodation Hotels, Food and drink Emergency services Money services Entertainment Transport Shopping Learning Intentions: Why is tourism one of the worlds greatest growth industries and why is it important for the economic development of many countries? This is the multiplier effect. In your books the …. Thisexplain developswhat because multiplier effect is and therefore why tourism can be so important for economic development. Extension: Why do you think tourism is important for LEDC’s in particular? Success Criteria: • Describe and analyse graphs of tourism growth. • Explain why tourism is a growth industry. • Understand the Multiplier effect on the economy

Tourism Key idea (objectives) Content (success criteria) The global growth of tourism has seen the exploitation of a range of environments for holiday makers. • Reasons for the global increase in tourism. • The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism. • The economic importance of tourism to countries in contrasting parts of the world.

Where have we been on holiday? Why? Ibiza France Spain Bath Stonehenge Tenerife Spain Wales France Lands-end Wales France Cornwall Egypt Somalia Devon Pembrokeshire Mountains Learning Intentions: The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism. Coasts This is a list of all YOUR holiday destinations last year. Can you pick out any key regions and types of destination that occur commonly? Cities Success Criteria: • Determine key types of holiday destination. • Understand the attractions of these types of destination. • Develop case study examples for various destinations.

Where have we been on holiday? Why? Wales Tenby Grenada Malta Majorca Wales (pembroke) London Portugal Weymouth London Edinburgh Birmingham Southport Wales (cardiff) This is a list of all YOUR holiday destinations last year. Can you pick out any key regions and types of destination that occur commonly? Black mountains (wales) Mountains Learning Intentions: The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism. Coasts Cities Success Criteria: • Determine key types of holiday destination. • Understand the attractions of these types of destination. • Develop case study examples for various destinations.

Where have we been on holiday? Why? Orlando Egypt Kefalonia (Greece) Fort Aventura Weston Supermare France Spain Bahamas Benidorm America Wales Spain Tenerif e Malaga weymouth Poland Centre Parks Dubai Cheddar Scotland Greece France Mountains Learning Intentions: The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism. Coasts This is a list of all YOUR holiday destinations last year. Can you pick out any key regions and type of destinations that occur commonly? Cities Success Criteria: • Determine key types of holiday destination. • Understand the attractions of these types of destination. • Develop case study examples for various destinations.

What are the main holiday destinations and why? Why are these areas visited by tourist? What are the attractions? What activities link to the attractions? Can you split the attractions into Human and Physical attractions?

What are the main holiday destinations and why? What do you think the most popular destinations are for UK tourists? Annotate information onto an A 3 map about different destinations. • Divide the map into continents and use 3 colours for mountain, coastal and human regions. • Annotate facts and figures such as % of tourists, place names, key attractions, reasons for travel. • Locate and number the top 10 long haul destinations and the top European destinations • Use information from across pages 236 and 237 and figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 to get you started as well as your own knowledge. Europe North America Asia Central America and Caribbean South America Africa Antarctica Australasia

What are the main holiday destinations and why? In pairs or threes, produce a presentation on one region of the world from the list below. North America Europe South America Asia Africa Central America and the Caribbean Australasia Antarctica Your presentation should include an annotated map showing the key attractions of your region. You should not only list the attractions but say WHY they are an attraction, WHAT do people do there? (eg. Why do the mountains attract people!) Use different colours to show mountain, coastal and human attractions. Attempt to find statistics showing numbers of visitors to different attractions. Find pictures of the different attractions to help you explain their attraction. Physical = Natural attractions: mountains, waterfalls, volcanoes, glaciers, lakes, climate, plants, animals, seas/oceans and activities around them like hiking and sailing etc. Human = Man made attractions like culture, history, museums, shopping, theme parks, cities, manmade landmarks, architecture, art, entertainment etc.

What are the main holiday destinations and why? What do you think the most popular destinations are for UK tourists? When listening to each others presentations, annotate any information they give you about different destinations around your maps. • Divide the map into continents and use 3 colours for mountain, coastal and human attractions. • Annotate facts and figures such as % of tourists, place names, key attractions, reasons for travel. Europe North America Asia Central America and Caribbean South America Africa Antarctica Australasia

What are the main holiday destinations and why? Using the information on page 237 of the text book and researching on the internet, fill in the table showing some of the main world wide destinations and their attractions for UK tourists. Try to name regions and specific locations to build up your case study knowledge. Region % of tourists Main Physical attractions destinations Mountains Learning Intentions: The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism. Coasts Human Attractions Climate Cities Other notes History and culture Success Criteria: • Success Determine key types of holiday destination. Criteria: • Understand thetypes Human and Physical attractions of these Determine key of holiday destination. types of destination. • Understand the attractions of these types of destination. • Develop case study examples for various destinations. • Develop written answers in in exams, exams

What are the main holiday destinations and why? Why do people go to this type of destination? Main attractions (Human/Physical) Where do people go abroad? Mountains Why? (benefits and drawbacks of being abroad) Where do people go within the UK? Why? (benefits and drawbacks of the UK) Success Criteria: • Determine key types of holiday destination. • Determine ofattractions holiday destination. Learning Intentions: • Understand the Human key and types Physical of these types of destination. • Understand the attractions of these types of destination. The potential of cities, mountains and coastal • Develop case study examples for various destinations. • Develop caseinstudy areas for the development of tourism. • Develop written answers examsexamples for various destinations.

What are the main holiday destinations and why? Destination Global location UK location Attractions Activities Coasts Mountains Cities Learning Intentions: The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of Success Criteria: • Determine key types of holiday destination. • Determine ofattractions holiday destination. • Understand the Human key and types Physical of these types of destination. • Understand the attractions of these types of destination. • Develop case study examples for various destinations. • Develop caseinstudy • Develop written answers examsexamples for various destinations.

What are the main holiday destinations and why? Destination Global location Coasts Caribbean Mediterranean S. E Asia Hawaii California Pacific islands Indian Ocean Mountains Himalayas (Nepal, China, Tibet) Andes (S. America) Rockies (N. America) Alps (Europe) Rift Valley (Africa) New Zealand Cities New York LA Rio de Janeiro Buenos Aires Cuzco Rome Moscow Paris Beijing Bangkok Tokyo Sydney Learning Intentions: The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of UK location Attractions Activities Different locations and areas develop as tourist destinations because of the attractions of the area: (mountains/coasts/cities) and therefore the activities that can be done there. Success Criteria: • Determine key types of holiday destination. • Determine ofattractions holiday destination. • Understand the Human key and types Physical of these types of destination. • Understand the attractions of these types of destination. • Develop case study examples for various destinations. • Develop caseinstudy • Develop written answers examsexamples for various destinations.

What are the main holiday destinations and why? Destination Global location Coasts Caribbean Mediterranean S. E Asia Hawaii California Pacific islands Indian Ocean Mountains Himalayas (Nepal, China, Tibet) Andes (S. America) Rockies (N. America) Alps (Europe) Rift Valley (Africa) New Zealand Cities New York LA Rio de Janeiro Buenos Aires Cuzco Rome Moscow Paris Beijing Bangkok Tokyo Sydney Learning Intentions: The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of UK location Attractions Activities Weather Beaches Sea Warm water Sea life Different locations and areas develop as tourist destinations because of the attractions of the area: (mountains/coasts/cities) and therefore the activities that can be done there. Success Criteria: • Determine key types of holiday destination. • Determine ofattractions holiday destination. • Understand the Human key and types Physical of these types of destination. • Understand the attractions of these types of destination. • Develop case study examples for various destinations. • Develop caseinstudy • Develop written answers examsexamples for various destinations.

What are the main holiday destinations and why? 1. Answer the past paper question on your desks “Explain why coastal areas OR cities have developed as a tourist destination” 2. Swap papers and mark each others answers using the mark scheme. What does the mark scheme need you to do to gain more marks? • • • 3. Exam Question NO LISTS Areas develop due to the attractions and activities that people can do and the things they can experience, HUMAN AND PHYSICAL. EXPLAIN WHY the features are an attraction, to who, and therefore why the area has developed. Link the attraction to activities people can do an why they want to do these activities. This is NOT a question about the development of tourism, it is about the development of specific areas, so it is not about disposable income etc, it is about the attractions of a specific area and why people want to go there. Take your paper back and using your knowledge from the mark scheme do the question again for the other location. Improve your answer and try to gain full marks. I will mark your second attempt.

What are the main UK holiday destinations and why? Complete the worksheet on World tourism: This asks you to complete some skills that you will need in the exam. How and why has tourism changed? Exam Practice Use ALL the information we have been studying so far to answer the following questions. If you get stuck use the information from page 237 to help. Use the knowledge you picked up from using the mark scheme and try to expand your answers beyond simple statements and lists. Develop your points by giving examples, reasons and categories (human/physical) 1. 2. 3. 4. Describe the distribution of regions visited by UK tourists? (2 marks) Why do you think these regions are the most visited? (4 marks) Why do you think Commonwealth countries feature highly? (2 marks) Giving examples of destinations and their human and physical attractions, why do people now increasingly seek long haul destinations instead of destinations closer to home? (6 marks) Learning Intentions: The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism. Success Criteria: • Determine key types of holiday destination. • Understand the Human and Physical attractions of these types of destination. • Develop case study examples for various destinations. • Develop written answers in exams

Why is tourism Economically important in LEDC’s 1. How can tourism in a developing country lead to better public services and quality of life for the people? 2. Why might relying on just one type of commodity (bananas/coffee/sugar cane) be a problem for LEDCs? 3. Complete the worksheet and answer the questions about money earned in developing countries. 4. Why do countries in Africa gain so little from tourism considering the wide variety of physical and human attractions? • Access • Extreme Climate • Political instability • Extreme poverty Exam Practice

What are the attractions of these tourist destinations within in the UK?

Tourism Key ideas (objectives) for this unit: • The global growth of tourism has seen the exploitation of a range of different environments for holiday makers. • Effective management strategies are the key to the continuing prosperity of tourist areas in the UK. • Mass tourism has advantages for an area but strategies need to be in place to reduce the likelihood of long-term damage. • Extreme environments are susceptible to environmental damage from the development of tourism. • Sustainability requires the development of ecotourism.

Tourism Key idea (objectives) Content (success criteria) Effective management strategies are the key to the continuing prosperity of tourist areas in the UK. • Contribution of tourism to the UK economy. • Impact of external factors on visitor numbers. • Tourist area/resort life cycle model. • Case study: UK National Park or UK coastal resort. (i) The reasons for its growth. (ii) The effectiveness of strategies to cope with the impact of large numbers of tourists. (iii) Plans to ensure continuing success of the tourism industry in the area.

Tourism in the UK 1. In your books: Study pages 238 -239 and list some key facts and statistics about the importance of tourism in the UK. 2. On a Blank map of the UK mark on the following: • Top visited Cities • Main Coastal resorts • All the National Parks Annotate around the outside the main attractions of these areas. Use the internet and Page 239 of the text book to help.

Tourism in the UK National parks Coastal resorts Cities Key locations Attractions

Tourism in the UK National parks Coastal resorts Cities Research one of the areas above and produce a presentation for the rest of the class including the following: 1. Names and locations of the main areas in the UK for tourism (include a Map). 2. Description of the human and/or physical attractions of your chosen destination. 3. An explanation of why your area has developed as a tourist destination. Why do tourists go there and what has enabled them to do it. Think about environmental, social and economic factors. 4. Issues and impact caused by tourism. Again think environmental, social and economic. 5. A description of any strategies used to cope with tourism. 6. An evaluation of the effectiveness of strategies to cope with tourism and possible future developments.

Tourism in the UK National parks Coastal resorts Cities In your pairs/threes, research tourism in the UK and produce a presentation. It should include an annotated map showing the key attractions of the UK. Use different colours to show mountain, coastal and human attractions as seen above. Attempt to find statistics showing numbers of visitors to different attractions. Find pictures of the different attractions to help you explain their attraction Physical = Natural attractions: mountains, waterfalls, volcanoes, glaciers, lakes, climate, plants, animals, seas/oceans and activities around them like hiking and sailing etc. Human = Man made attractions like culture, history, museums, shopping, theme parks, cities, manmade landmarks, architecture, art, entertainment etc.

Tourism in the UK In your books: World economy Weather What factors might influence visitor numbers to the UK in both a positive AND negative way Exchange rate Major events Exam Practice 1. Explain how tourism in the UK is influenced by external factors 2. Describe and explain the distribution of UK Coastal resorts (4 Marks) 3. Describe and explain the distribution of UK national Parks (4 marks) Conflict and Terrorism 4. Giving examples explain why tourists are attracted to UK destinations. (6 marks) 5. Why do most overseas visitors go to London?

UK National parks. Produce a piece of research in the form of a project/powerpoint/poster/article about a UK national park. You can include pictures and images but must include the following …… • What is a national park: definition, the aims of a national park. • Your chosen national park: Facts and figures: Size, no of visitors, population, the year it was established. • Attractions: Human and Physical: Explain the attractions and activities and pictures. • The impacts of tourism in national parks (positive and negative) • The solutions/management strategies to the problems and plans for the future.

What has this got to do with Tourism? A honey pot site

http: //www. bbc. co. uk/education/clips/ztg 2 tfr http: //www. bbc. co. uk/education/clips/zhcxpv 4 http: //www. bbc. co. uk/education/clips/zrmb 4 wx http: //www. nationalparks. gov. uk/learningabout/ourchallenges/tou rism/impactsoftourism

Annotate the picture to show the Human and Physical attractions of National Parks (3 marks) Use the picture and the map to explain why the Peak district has developed as a tourist destination (4 marks)

Tourism Key idea (objectives) Content (success criteria) Effective management strategies are the key to the continuing prosperity of tourist areas in the UK. • Contribution of tourism to the UK economy. • Impact of external factors on visitor numbers. • Tourist area/resort life cycle model. • Case study: UK National Park or UK coastal resort. (i) The reasons for its growth. (ii) The effectiveness of strategies to cope with the impact of large numbers of tourists. (iii) Plans to ensure continuing success of the tourism industry in the area.

What is the impact of large numbers of tourists in National Parks?

Use a case study to explain the negative impacts of Tourism in a UK National Park. (8 Marks) + (3 SPa. G) Level 1 (1 -4 marks) Impact/ Problem Footpath Erosion Congestion in towns and on roads Farm and wild animals disturbed Litter Level 2 (5 -6 marks) and Level 3 (7 -8 Marks) Describe: Who and what. Explain: Why is it happening Example: Where and Say what is happening. This is your POINT and why is it a problem? (the consequences) numbers/statistics This is your evidence.

Case study Condensed – UK National Parks Attractions. Explain why tourists visit Human: Physical: Problems caused by tourism. (social/economic/environmental) Benefits caused by tourism (social/economic/environmental) Location, facts and figures Solutions and Strategies (what is being done and WHY)

Ensuring sustainability for the future success of national parks and other tourist resorts Why do national parks need to be managed for the future? • • • The conservation of wildlife The public to enjoy The local people to have a sustainable life and economic development How do we manage for the future? • Building developments that fit in with the traditional housing SO THAT is doesn’t spoil the landscape and stop tourists visiting BUT IT ALSO allows local people to buy property. • Farmers struggling to make money: Supermarkets encouraged to stock local produce, farmers DVERSIFY by attracting tourists to activities such as Clay Pigeon Shooting, archery, quad biking and luxury camping WHICH MEANS tourists will be attracted and the farmer will make more money. • Seasonal wages/tourism: Winter activities a advertising for the winter. Timeshare developments (people share ownership of property an share out the time they spend there) This encourages people to visit more often and out of season • Marketing campaigns to advertise and encourage tourism all year round to ensure. • Improve public transport so that more people can get into the national parks/resorts.

Tourism Key idea (objectives) Content (success criteria) Effective management strategies are the key to the continuing prosperity of tourist areas in the UK. • Contribution of tourism to the UK economy. • Impact of external factors on visitor numbers. • Tourist area/resort life cycle model. • Case study: UK National Park or UK coastal resort. (i) The reasons for its growth. (ii) The effectiveness of strategies to cope with the impact of large numbers of tourists. (iii) Plans to ensure continuing success of the tourism industry in the area.

Tourism in the UK How has the British tourist industry changed over time and why? Based on the work we have completed so far can you think of any suggestions for this question? In pairs study the pictures you have been given. Analyse them thinking of the following: • What does it show us about tourism? • Is there a lot of Tourism in the UK? • When was it taken? • Who is the tourist? • Where are they going and why? Write your ideas and any other points you want to make around the pictures

Can you put the pictures in chronological order?

Tourism in the UK We need to: • Know how tourism has changed in the UK over time using the resort life cycle model • Describe and explain the changes in UK tourism • Analyse evidence to determine the current stage of a UK tourism resort What did you find out from your pictures? Feedback to the class and stick your picture on the wall. Do you think your picture is older or more recent than the ones already stuck up? Do you think there were more or less tourists than the picture before it? The butler model (resort life cycle)

1920 -1950 -1990 1900 -1920 1850 -1900 1800 -1850 This is the Tourist life cycle model or the Butler model. Can you designate a name to each stage?

The tourist life cycle of Blackpool Consolidation Stagnation Development Involvement Exploration 1800 1850 1900 Time 1950 2000 Scan the information you have been given about Blackpool and separate out all the key dates and events and annotate them onto your copy of the Butler model. (This will help you describe and provide evidence for the changes in a UK tourist destination. )

Tourism in the UK Case Study: Blackpool Scan the information you have been given about Blackpool and separate out all the key dates and events and annotate them onto your copy of the Butler model. (This will help you describe and provide evidence for the changes in a UK tourist destination. )

Tourism in the UK: The Resort Life Cycle model / The Butler Model Case Study: Blackpool Now using the information on the sheet, the pictures on the wall and the points we have discussed, try to write a brief paragraph describing and explaining each stage of the model. For each paragraph think about: Point: Name and describe (define) the stage of the model Is tourism high or low, rising or falling Explain what is happening in this stage: What are the reasons for the number and type of tourists, Are there any social, economic or environmental reasons for what is happening, What are the attractions they are visiting, why is it changing. Evidence: What was happening in Blackpool that backs up your point Use connecting words to develop and link points. . Because. . . Consequently. . . And so. . . . Which means. . . . As a result. . Therefore. . Due to. . . .

What happens next for Blackpool and other UK tourist resorts? How can we make this happen? Do you think it’s happened in Blackpool? Can you find any evidence? Why might this happen? Do you think it’s happened in Blackpool? Can you find any evidence? Using the text books and the internet find information to show: 1) Evidence for Blackpool’s decline 2) Evidence for Blackpool’s rejuvenation

Tourism in the UK: The Butler Model Case Study: Blackpool Now using the information you have found, the pictures and the points we have discussed, try to write a brief paragraph describing and explaining the last 2 stages of the model. For each paragraph think about: Point: Name and describe (define) the stage of the model Is tourism high or low, rising or falling Explain what is happening in this stage: What are the reasons for the number and type of tourists, Are there any social, economic or environmental reasons for what is happening, What are the attractions they are visiting, Why is it changing. Evidence: What was happening in Blackpool that backs up your point Use connecting words to develop and link points. . Because. . . Consequently. . . And so. . . . Which means. . . . As a result. . Therefore. . Due to. . . .

Case study: The Butler life cycle model – Blackpool Attractions. Explain why tourists visit Human: Physical: Problems caused by tourism. (social/economic/environmental) Benefits caused by tourism (social/economic/environmental) Location, facts and figures Solutions and Strategies (what is being done and WHY)

Has the rejuvenation of Blackpool been successful?

Tourism Key idea (objectives) Content (success criteria) The global growth of tourism has seen the exploitation of a range of different environments for holiday makers. Reasons for the global increase in tourism. The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism. The economic importance of tourism to countries in contrasting parts of the world. Effective management strategies are the key to the continuing prosperity of tourist areas in the UK. Contribution of tourism to the UK economy. Impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK. Tourist area/resort life cycle model. A case study of either a UK National Park or a UK coastal resort. The reasons for its growth as a tourist destination. The effectiveness of strategies to cope with the impact of large numbers of tourists. Plans to ensure the continuing success of the tourism industry in the area. Mass tourism has advantages for an area but strategies need to be in place to reduce the likelihood of long-term damage. The meaning of mass tourism. A case study of an established tropical tourist area which attracts large numbers of visitors. The positive and negative effects of mass tourism on the economy and environment. Strategies for maintaining the importance of tourism in the area and reducing its negative effects. Extreme environments are susceptible to environmental damage from the development of tourism. The attractions of extreme environments to tourists. The increased demand for adventure holidays. The impact of tourism on an extreme environment. A case study of one extreme area and the extent to which it can cope with the development of a tourist industry. Sustainability requires the development of ecotourism. The need for stewardship and conservation. A case study of the ways that ecotourism can benefit the environment, the local economy and the lives of the people. A consideration that this form of tourism can contribute to sustainable development.

Mass Tourism in a tropical destination Key idea (objectives) Content (success criteria) Mass tourism has advantages for an area but strategies need to be in place to reduce the likelihood of longterm damage. • The meaning of mass tourism. • A case study of an established tropical tourist area which attracts large numbers of visitors. • The positive and negative effects of mass tourism on the economy, society and the environment. • Strategies for maintaining the importance of tourism in the area and reducing its negative effects.

Mass tourism in a tropical destination 1. What is mass tourism? 2. Where did mass tourism start and what changes occurred? 3. What constitutes a ‘Tropical Destination’ 4. Why do LEDC’s often not benefit from mass tourism? 5. Tabulate the main positive an negative aspects of Mass Tourism Positive Negative 6. Identify which are social, economic and environmental 7. Why is tourism so important in areas that experience mass tourism? 8. What can be done to ensure that tourism is maintained? (Think of Blackpool, how can they make sure tourists keep visiting? )

Mass tourism is Organised tourism for large numbers of people, for example on a package holiday. Holiday’s where people organise it themselves don’t count.

Case study Condensed: Mass Tourism – Kenya Attractions. Explain why tourists visit Human: Physical: Problems caused by tourism. (social/economic/environmental) Benefits caused by tourism (social/economic/environmental) Location, facts and figures Solutions and Strategies (what is being done and WHY)

Tourism in Kenya Learning Intentions: To develop our understanding of Kenya as a tourist destination, the causes, effects and strategies for the future. Success criteria: • Know key facts about Kenya • Describe the human and physical Geography of Kenya • Understand why tourists visit Kenya • Understand the positive and negative issues of tourism for Kenya • Evaluate the tourist industry in Kenya and possible solutions for future development. To Do Fact file on Kenya Climate in Kenya Physical and human attractions of Kenya What is the impact of tourism in Kenya (positive/negative/E/S/E) Sustainability and the future of tourism

What are the tourist attractions of Kenya? Starter Using the Kenya map on your tables, the colouring pencils, the text book (page 243), and the map opposite; label and shade some of Kenya’s main physical features. Ones to include are: • Shade the highland (plateau) and lowland areas. • Pinpoint and label the main cities. • Pinpoint and label the highest mountain. • Draw on, shade and label the key nature reserves/national parks. • Shade and label the main beach areas of Kenya.

Kenya Fact file Produce a fact file on Kenya in your books finding out the following information: 1. The Capital City 2. The population 3. The size of the country 4. The currency 5. The GDP (Gross domestic product – this is how much money the country makes) 6. Highest mountains/lakes/wildlife 7. Any important or interesting facts that you discover! 8. Numbers of visitors to Kenya. 9. Income from tourism. 10. Any important or interesting facts that you already know or discover! Learning Intentions: To begin researching key facts about Kenya and begin our project. Success criteria: • Understand the project requirements • Research key facts

The climate of Kenya J F M A M J J A S O N D Temperature Average °C 27. 6 28. 1 28. 3 27. 6 26. 2 24. 8 24. 0 24. 7 25. 7 26. 9 27. 4 Precipitation in mm 34 28 55 154 246 88 71 68 67 103 104 75 1. All the climate information for a country is found in a data table. 2. The temperature data for each month is plotted on the graph with a red line. 3. The rainfall data for each month is plotted on the graph with blue bars. Learning intentions: To understand why tourism has developed in Kenya, it’s human and physical attractions

Tourism in Kenya The climate of Kenya Describe the climate of Kenya and link it to tourism. Describe seasons giving rainfall and temperature figures. For example you could say: “The climate at the beginning of the year in Kenya is warm at 27°c and quite dry having only 34 mm of rain. As the year progresses into the spring the climate …. . ” Now explain the impact the climate has on tourism. Why do tourists visit and when is the best time to go? Learning intentions: To understand why tourism has developed in Kenya, it’s human and physical attractions

Case study of tourism in the tropics: Kenya Now, complete research using the text book and the internet to find out specific information about Kenya’s tourist attractions, both physical and human. The two areas you should concentrate on are the safaris and Beaches. You should be specific about each region giving: Learning intentions: To understand why tourism has developed in Kenya, it’s human and physical attractions • Place names • Climate information and stats • Cities and towns • Tribes • Animals • Features such as mountains • National parks and reserves

Tourism in Kenya Learning Intentions: To develop our understanding of Kenya as a tourist destination, the causes, issues and future of tourism. Success criteria: • Know key facts about Kenya • Describe the human and physical Geography of Kenya • Understand why tourists visit Kenya • Understand the positive and negative issues of tourism for Kenya • Evaluate the tourist industry in Kenya and possible solutions for future development. To Do Fact file on Kenya Climate in Kenya Why do tourists visit Kenya What is the impact of tourism in Kenya Sustainability and the future of tourism

The impact of tourism in Kenya Task: Study the video clips and make a table in your books of all the positive and negative impacts of tourism in Kenya. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=o. Wgpz 5 Xn. Kic http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 d. JJ_Afjq. Q 8&feature=related http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=x. Te. U 62 ix. Ok. I&feature=related http: //www. bbc. co. uk/learningzone/clips/4506. flv Positive impacts Can you come up with any solutions that would help tourism have a positive impact? Learning intentions: To begin to understand that there are both positive and negative impacts of tourism. Negative impacts Success Criteria: Make useful notes on the impacts of Kenyan tourism. Evaluate the impact of tourism in Kenya.

Tourism in Kenya Learning Intentions: To develop our understanding of Kenya as a tourist destination, the causes, issues and future of tourism. Success criteria: • Know key facts about Kenya • Describe the human and physical Geography of Kenya • Understand why tourists visit Kenya • Understand the positive and negative issues of tourism for Kenya • Evaluate the tourist industry in Kenya and possible solutions for future development. To Do Fact file on Kenya Climate in Kenya Why do tourists visit Kenya What is the impact of tourism in Kenya Sustainability and the future of tourism

The impact of tourism in Kenya There are many different names for good tourism: • Eco Tourism • Green Tourism • Responsible tourism • Sustainable touris" What do you think this means? According to The International Ecotourism Society, ecotourism is; “Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people” 1. Look at the statements about tourism in Kenya and select all the statements that you think have a positive effect on tourism and that are examples of green tourism/ecotourism. 2. Choose the 3 statements that you think are the most important: In your project try and explain why the things you have selected are positive and how they would make a difference. “I think that ………. …. . is a good solution as it ………………. . ” 3. Also read the GCSE geography AQA text book pages 244 -245 and collect information on different ways to manage and reduce the negative impacts of tourism. And page 249 which shows how the Masai are involved in Ecotourism. Try to include this information in your project too. http: //www. ecotourismkenya. org/index. php Success criteria for the lesson: • Gather information about potential solutions to the negative impacts of tourism. • Explain what ecotourism is and how it may help the future of tourism. • Explain how ecotourism can positively impact different groups of people, the environment and the economy for a sustainable future.

Big multinational companies own all the hotels and send the profits back to their home countries. Hotels keep the people safely inside and they only buy food brought in. Locals own the hotels and profit is invested in the community. Knock down the big hotels and replace them with small hut clusters. Dangerous animals shot to protect cattle. Locals lose their language and Local people begin fence in the customs. land as farming makes them Ban all minibuses and more money than tourism. hot air balloons Make water use sustainable. No swimming pools in the hotels. All water collected on site. Locals will protect the wildlife as they know it attracts visitors. Make sure minibuses are only allowed on roads. Locals allowed to sell their goods in hotels. Animal numbers decline in the park as they are regularly disturbed. Have less tourists but charge them more Tourist businesses buy local produce to use in their restaurants. Poaching of Rhino horns and elephant tusks increases. Promise of no rubbish dumped. Fines for those who do. Animals become pests as they eat rubbish left outside hotels. Tourist to help with eco projects and repairing damage. Vicious cycle of decline in tourist numbers. Local area needs less help from aid agencies as economy strengthens

The impact of tourism in Kenya Evaluate the benefits of tourism in Kenya: What does EVALUATE mean? Judge Form an opinion Rate/grade/rank Debate Criticise Assess Consider Weigh up Suggest Advise Decide/Conclude Review recommend So, you need to weigh up and judge the positives and negatives of tourism. Form an opinion considering all the information and assess how good tourism is. You need to reach a conclusion about tourism thinking about its impacts on the country. You could also suggest/recommend possible changes to tourism that would improve the industry. Grade D: Simple statements giving the positive and negatives of tourism. Grade C: Explaining the positives and negatives in more detail and their impact on Kenya (environment, people and economy). Grade B+: Directly compare the positives and negatives, explain consequences on different groups of people and reach a conclusion about tourism, suggesting possible solutions. Success criteria for the lesson: • Gather information about potential solutions to the negative impacts of tourism. • Explain what ecotourism is and how it may help the future of tourism. • Explain how ecotourism can positively impact different groups of people, the environment and the economy for a sustainable future.

GCSE Exam Question. Evaluate the benefits of tourism in Kenya? (9) Evaluate the benefits of tourism in Kenya: Semi arid Poverty Economic Warriors Foreign currency Seasonal Poachers Donations China Migrate Drought Reserve 3 paragraphs 1. What are the benefits: Describe and explain the benefits of tourism. Try to discuss a range of benefits (at least 3). Think about who is benefitting (environmental, social, economic) Social Compensate Endorois “Tourism in Kenya has many benefits such as …………… which is good because ………………. It also ………. . . …………. . which is good because ………… This benefits the environment/people/economy because ……………. . …” Self sustaining 2. What are the negatives: Do the same as above but for the negatives. Evicted 3. Evaluate: Is tourism good or bad? “overall I think tourism is good/bad because …………. . . ” “To improve the tourism industry you could ……………” Donations Success criteria for the lesson: • Gather information about potential solutions to the negative impacts of tourism. • Explain what ecotourism is and how it may help the future of tourism. • Explain how ecotourism can positively impact different groups of people, the environment and the economy for a sustainable future. Infrastructure Food aid Army Protect Cultural Exclusive

Tourism GCSE Question: Mark Scheme Level 1 (1 -3 marks) Basic SPAG 1. A simple list with no clear structure. [G] 2. At least one clear benefit and problem. [F] 3. At least one benefit and problem. A vague named example … e. g. Africa not Kenya… [E] Level 2 (4 -6 marks) SPAG: Organised with some errors in punctuation and grammar. 4. A specific named example. (e. g. tribes or park name). A simple conclusion is given [D] 5. Regular use (at least 5) of key terms such as Safari 6. A clear conclusion is given (at least two points) [C] Level 3 (7 -9 marks) SPAG Well organised with few errors. 7. A clearly located example (names region and equator) A well justified conclusion that links problems and solutions. [B] 8. Explained the consequences of the problems or solutions e. g. what will happen if tourism continues to damage the environment. [A] 9. Given some detailed case studies of different parts of Kenya. Regular use of key words such as tribal names and places, such as the names of national parks (Maasai Mara) [A*] KS 3 Level Equivalent Level 3: 1 point Level 4: 2 -3 points Level 5: 4 -5 points Level 6: 6 -7 points Level 7: 8 -9 points

Describe these environments. What do they have in common?

Tourism Key idea (objectives) Content (success criteria) The global growth of tourism has seen the exploitation of a range of different environments for holiday makers. Reasons for the global increase in tourism. The potential of cities, mountains and coastal areas for the development of tourism. The economic importance of tourism to countries in contrasting parts of the world. Effective management strategies are the key to the continuing prosperity of tourist areas in the UK. Contribution of tourism to the UK economy. Impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK. Tourist area/resort life cycle model. A case study of either a UK National Park or a UK coastal resort. The reasons for its growth as a tourist destination. The effectiveness of strategies to cope with the impact of large numbers of tourists. Plans to ensure the continuing success of the tourism industry in the area. Mass tourism has advantages for an area but strategies need to be in place to reduce the likelihood of long-term damage. The meaning of mass tourism. A case study of an established tropical tourist area which attracts large numbers of visitors. The positive and negative effects of mass tourism on the economy and environment. Strategies for maintaining the importance of tourism in the area and reducing its negative effects. Extreme environments are susceptible to environmental damage from the development of tourism. The attractions of extreme environments to tourists. The increased demand for adventure holidays. The impact of tourism on an extreme environment. A case study of one extreme area and the extent to which it can cope with the development of a tourist industry. Sustainability requires the development of ecotourism. The need for stewardship and conservation. A case study of the ways that ecotourism can benefit the environment, the local economy and the lives of the people. A consideration that this form of tourism can contribute to sustainable development.

Extreme Environments Key idea (objectives) Content (success criteria) Extreme environments are susceptible to environmental damage from the development of tourism. • The attractions of extreme environments to tourists. • The increased demand for adventure holidays. • The impact of tourism on an extreme environment. • A case study of one extreme area and the extent to which it can cope with the development of a tourist industry.

The Spread of tourism to extreme environments. What is an Extreme Environment? Places where few people live due to harsh living conditions. • Climate (hot, cold, wet, dry) • Great height or steepness • Remoteness • Accessibility • Vegetation Learning Intentions: The develop an understanding of extreme environments as tourist destinations. These areas are sometimes termed as a Wilderness, undeveloped areas shaped largely by nature. Success Criteria: • Locate extreme and adventure holiday environments • Describe the attractions and activities that take place in such locations • Consider the impact tourism has on extreme environments • Develop an understanding of strategies that can be employed to cope with the impact.

The Spread of tourism to extreme environments. Antarctica: Research and develop a case study project It must include the following: (i) The location of your environment (map) (ii) Facts, figures and statistics (visitors, climate etc) (iii) What makes it extreme (location, access, climate) (iv) A description of the attractions and activities that attract tourists. Think physical AND human. (v) Information about the impact that tourism is having in the area. Think Social and Environmental (vi) Any strategies that have been put in place to deal with the impact of tourism. Success Criteria: • Locate extreme and adventure holiday environments • Describe the attractions and activities that take place in such locations • Consider the impact tourism has on extreme environments • Develop an understanding of strategies that can be employed to cope with the impact.

Case study Condensed – Extreme Destinations Attractions. Explain why tourists visit Human: Physical: Problems caused by tourism. (social/economic/environmental) Benefits caused by tourism (social/economic/environmental) Location, facts and figures Solutions and Strategies (what is being done and WHY)

The Spread of tourism to extreme environments. In pairs or threes you are to research an extreme environment and develop a case study as a display to present/exhibit to the rest of the class. Your presentation must include the following: (i) The location of your environment (map) (ii) Facts, figures and statistics (visitors, climate etc) (iii) What makes it extreme (location, access, climate) (iv) A description of the attractions and activities that attract tourists. Think physical AND human. (v) Information about the impact that tourism is having in the area. Think Social and Environmental (vi) Any strategies that have been put in place to deal with the impact of tourism. Success Criteria: • Locate extreme and adventure holiday environments • Describe the attractions and activities that take place in such locations • Consider the impact tourism has on extreme environments • Develop an understanding of strategies that can be employed to cope with the impact.

The Spread of tourism to extreme environments. In your packs you have: • The instructions for you presentation and what it should include. • A notes sheet on which you can quickly record information you find from your research • A map to locate your destination. You can also annotate this map with information. • Pictures of your destination, which again you can annotate. • An evaluation sheet for the end. Timeline of activities 1. Begin by filling in the notes sheet with anything you already know about your destination, there is no need to research things you already know! – at least 5 mins. 2. When you have done this you can identify what you still need to find out. 3. Begin researching using the laptops. 4. Begin putting your display together. 5. When finished we will go around each others displays an evaluate them, have we met the success criteria for today, have we made progress? 6. Evaluate your own display: www/ebi. Success Criteria: • Locate extreme and adventure holiday environments • Describe the attractions and activities that take place in such locations • Consider the impact tourism has on extreme environments • Develop an understanding of strategies that can be employed to cope with the impact.

Ecotourism There are many different names for good tourism: • Eco Tourism • Green Tourism • Responsible tourism • Sustainable tourism Using the glossary, define the following words: • Ecotourism • Stewardship • Sustainable Ecosystem case study: Select a case study of ecotourism and note the following under heading in your book: 1. Where and what 2. Benefits: Environmental/Social/Economic 3. Why is it sustainable http: //www. palmartentlodge. com/ http: //www. maasaiwilderness. org/our-programs/tourismwildlife-pays/? gclid=COz. Oo 5 q. Im 8 QCFWL 3 wgodc 6 AAUQ http: //www. karibunicottages. com/

Quick questions to finish the topic. Tourism in the UK (pg 238) 1. What has happened to the relative importance of UK holidays taken at home compared to abroad? 2. So why is tourism in the UK so important still? 3. What external factors might cause tourist numbers to go up or down? 4. What are the main UK tourist destinations? Mass tourism (pg 242) 1. What is mass tourism? 2. Where did mass tourism start and what changes occurred? 3. Why do LEDC’s often not benefit from mass tourism? The spread of tourism to extreme environments (pg 246) 1. What ‘extreme’ activities do holiday makers now engage in? 2. What remote destinations are now included as tourist destinations? 3. What attracts tourists to these remote destinations? 4. What is an extreme environment/wilderness? 5. Why is the risk of damage high in these areas and what will the impact be on tourism? Ecotourism (pg 248) 1. Why is stewardship and conservation necessary? 2. What is ‘ecotourism/green tourism’? 3. How can tourist income promote ecotourism?

Tourism in the UK Area Location Attractions (human and physical) Social Issues and impact Economic Environmental Solutions to issues

Exam Techniques Question Focus of question 1 Describe a diagram 2 Describe a feature 3 Draw a labelled diagram and explain 4 Contrast data 5 Suggest why (explain) 6 Case study Marks received Exam Technique Study the marks you gained for each section. Identify an area for you to focus on to gain more marks:

Grade % Max. A* 61. 3333333 A 52 B 42. 6666667 C 34. 6666667 D 21. 3333333

Things to do today! 1. Sort out books: Stick in sheets or leave pages for sheets to be stuck in. 2. Case studies: (i) Do you have your research/homework for your two case studies so far (Antarctica and UK National Parks). If you do get them in front of you, staple the sheets together. If not, print it out now or bring it in next lesson! • • (i) • • Each case study needs a double page in your books showing the following; Explain why people visit (human and physical) Problems caused by visitors Benefits that visitors can bring Solutions to the problems caused.