Gather and Build Young Researchers Capacity Questionnaire Development

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Questionnaire Development Khim Narith Freelance Consultant M&E Specialist Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 1

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Outlines Introduction to Questionnaire Understanding Sources Data Your Objectives of Information Collection Techniques Determining the Content of Individual Question Designing the Question to Overcome the Respondent's Inability to Answer Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Outlines Designing the Question to Overcome the Respondent's Unwillingness to Answer Selecting the Question Structures Determining the Question Wording Arranging the Questions in Proper Oder Choosing the Form and Layout Pretesting the Questionnaire Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 3

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity What Is Questionnaire? A set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 4

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity What Is Questionnaire? Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 5

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Understanding Your Objectives What are the objectives of your questionnaire? What does the organization really want to know from those objectives? What do you want to know to help you betteranalyze and write the report? Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 6

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Sources of Information From whom do you want to gather the information? Consider the followings Age Technology Language Location Education Attitudes and beliefs The questionnaire should be designed based on type of informant. Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 7

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Data Collection Techniques Focus Group Discussion In-Depth Interview Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 8

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Data Collection Techniques Experiment Observation At Field At Lab Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 9

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Designing Questionnaire Based on a Data Collection Technique Phone Interview: I will read to you the names of some telecom companies in Cambodia. Please rate them in terms of your preference. Use a five-point scale, where 1 denotes not so preferred and 5 denotes greatly preferred. (READ ONE AT A TIME) COMPANY Not So Preferred 1 Greatly Preferred 2 3 4 5 1. Metfone 2. Mfone 3. Hello 4. Mobitel 5. Smart 6. Beeline 7. Star. Cell. Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com Contact: 10

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Designing Questionnaire Based on a Data Collection Technique Face to Face Interview: (HAND TELECOM BRAND CARDS TO THE RESPONDENT. ) Here is a set of telecom company names in Cambodia, each written in a separate card. Please examine the card carefully (GIVE RESPONDENT TIME) Now please examine these cards again and pull out the card that has the name of the company you like the most. (RECORD THE CARD NAME AND KEEP THIS CARD WITH YOU). Now, please examine the remaining six cards. Of these remaining six names, what is your most preferred company? (REPEAT THIS PROCEDURE SEQUENTIALLY UNTIL THE RESPONDENT HAS ONLY ONE CARD LEFT) CARD RANK COMPANY NAME 1 st. ………………………. …………………… 2 nd. ………………………. …………………… 3 rd. ………………………. …………………… 4 th. ………………………. …………………… 5 th. ………………………. …………………… 6 th. ………………………. …………………… 7 th. ……………………… 11 Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Determining the Content of Individual Question 1. - 2. Is the Question Necessary? Some information is nice to know but not necessary Are Several Questions Needed Instead of One? In some cases, two questions are better than one. But not asking two questions in one EX. Do you think Metfone offers better variety and rates than Mobitel? (INCORRECT) Do you think Metfone offers better rates than Mobitel? Do you think Metfone offers better variety than Mobitel? (CORRECT) Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 12

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Designing the Question to Overcome the Respondent's Inability to Answer 1. Is the Respondent Informed? - 2. - 3. Husband may not be informed about monthly expenses Children might not be informed about family income Can the Respondent Remember? What telecom advertisings did see last night on CTN? (NOT RECOMMENDED) Which of these telecom companies were advertised last night on CTN (RECOMMENDED) Can the Respondent Answer Clearly? - Respondents may be unable to answer certain types of questions precisely. Ex. How did you feel when you heard that your name was selected as $10000 winner from Mobitel? - Visual aids (picture, diagrams, maps) and verbal descriptions should be provided Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 13

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Designing the Question to Overcome the Respondent's Unwillingness to Answer Effort Required of the Respondent – design it to make participant pay less effort to answer Ex. . Please list all the merchandises which you purchased on your most recent shopping trip to a department store. (Incorrect) In the list that follows, which of merchandises did you purchase on your most recent shopping trip to a department store (Correct) 1. Women’s Dresses No Yes 2. Men’s Apparel No Yes 3. Children’s Apparel No Yes 4. Cosmetics No Yes 5. Jewelry No Yes 6. Other (please specify) No Yes Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 14

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Designing the Question to Overcome the Respondent's Unwillingness to Answer Sensitive Information – included money, family life, political and religious beliefs, and involvement in accidents or crimes. Ex. What is your household’s exact annual income? (incorrect) (Correction) Which one of the following categories best describes your household’s annual income? 1. Under $2500 3. $ 5001 - $7500 2. $2501 - $5000 4. Over $7500 Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 15

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Choosing Question Structure Specify the set of responses as well as their format. It refers to multiple choice, two options, or a scale. 1 - Multiple-Choice Questions: Provides a choice of answers, respondent is asked to select one or more of the given alternatives. Ex. Which of the following organizations are working in Education Sector? 1. BBC Media Action Children 3. MSIC 5. VVOB 2. Save the 4. VSO 6. CCC Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 16

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Choosing Question Structure 2 - Two-Option Questions: Provides with only two response alternatives such as yes and no, male and female. Ex. Do you intend to use our new product? 1. Yes 0. No 3 - Scale Questions: Provides a scale of alternatives to the respondent to select. Ex. How much do you like our new product? Scaling from 0 to 10. where 0 denotes not so like and 10 denotes greatly like. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 17

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Determining the Question Wording 1. Define the Issue – Questions should always define clearly. Ex. Which brand of toothpaste do you use? (Not clear) WHO – The Respondent individual (It is not clear whether this question related to the respondent or the respondent’s total household) WHAT– The Brand of Toothpaste answer this (It is not clear how the respondent is to question if more than one brand is used) WHEN – Unclear (The time frame is not specified in this question. The respondent could interpret it as meaning the toothpaste used this morning, this week, or over the past year) WHERE – Not Specified (At home, at the gym, on the road) (Correction) Which brand or brands of toothpaste have you personally used at home during the past month? In case of more than one brand, please list all the brands that apply. Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 18

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Determining the Question Wording 2 - Use Simple Words --- Avoid using technical word as possible Ex. Is the distribution of Angkor Beer adequate? (Incorrect- some people might not know the word “Adequate”) (Correction) – Is Angkor Beer readily available when you want to buy it? --- Select any word that has only one meaning. Ambiguous words included “Usually, normally, often, regularly, occasionally, and sometimes. 3 - Use Unambiguous Words Ex. In a typical month, how often do you make call to your family? 1. Never 2. Occasionally 3. Sometimes 1. Less than once 2. 1 or 2 times 4. Often 5. Regularly 3. 3 or 4 times 4. More than 4 times Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 19

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Determining the Question Wording 4 - Avoid Producing Leading or Biasing Questions – Giving a clue for respondent to answer Ex. Do you think that America should provide financial aid to poor foreign countries when it is not our responsibility to do so? 1. Yes 0. No 99. Don’t Know Is Hello your favorite telecom company? 1. Yes 0. No 99. Don’t Know Do you think that America should provide financial aid to poor foreign countries? 1. Yes 0. No 99. Don’t Know What is your favorite telecom company? 1. Mobitel 2. Hello 3. Metfone 4. Other……………. Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 20

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Arranging the Questions in Proper Oder Should start with general questions Ex. Angkor Beer Company designed a questionnaire to determine its consumers’ motivations for buying the products. Here is the order of its questionnaire 1. Awareness of the company (Angkor Beer) 2. Perceptions of the company 3. Communication with company 4. Consumption experiences 5. Demographic information Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 21

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Choosing the Form and Layout The format, spacing, and positioning can have a significant effect on the result. Thus, make sure the format is simple and easy to understand Q 1. Does your household currently own a TV? 0 - No 1 - Yes (IF YES, GO TO Q 2, IF NO GO TO Qx) Q 2. Is it a black and white or color one? 1 - Black and White 2 - Color Q 3. How often do you watch it per week? 1. Less than once 2. 1 or 2 times 3. 3 or 4 times 4. More than 4 times Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 22

Gather and Build Young Researcher’s Capacity Pretesting the Questionnaire Pretesting refers to testing the questionnaire on a small sample of respondents Usually It 15 to 30 participants are recommended should be conducted with a similar group It should be done by personal interviews even the actual survey is to be conducted by telephone Contact: Mr. Khim Narith: 093 97 98 99 ; researcherhub 109@gmail. com 23