Gastroenterology Chapter 3 objectives Identify the medical meaning

Gastroenterology Chapter 3

objectives Identify the medical meaning of word parts pertaining to gasgtroenterology Describe processes and structure of gastroeneterology Spell medical terms correctly Distinguish between medical terms that sound alike Form singular and plural medical terms

objectives Pronounce medical terms by identifying the accented syllable Identify common medical abbreviations Identify “dangerous” abbreviaions Identify common disease and conditions Identify common lab and diagnostic procedures Identify common medical and surgical problems Identify drug categories

Anatomy of the GI System Oral Cavity and Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Abdomen and Abdominopelvic Cavity Accessory Organs of Digestion

Exercise Page 102: Diagram Page 103: Combining Forms Ex. #1 -58

Diseases and Conditions Eating Mouth and Lips Esophagus and Stomach Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum Cecum Colon Rectum and Anus Defecation and Feces Abdominal Wall and Abdominal Cavity Liver Gallbladder & Bile Ducts Pancreas

Eating Anorexia: Condition of (being) without an appetite Dysphagia: Condition of painful swallowing Polyphagia: Condition of much eating (d/t diabetes or overactive thyroid gland)

Mouth and Lips Cheilitis: Inflammation or infection of the lips Sialolithiasis: State of a salivary gland stone Stomatitis: Inflammation or infection of the mouth

Esophagus and Stomach Dyspepsia: (indigestion) condition of painful digestion Esophageal Varices: Swollen and protruding veins in the mucosa of the lower esophagus (usually resulting from liver disease) Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and intestine

Esophagus and Stomach Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): p/t the stomach and esophagus – caused by reflux of acid from the stomach into the esophagus Pyrosis: (heartburn) abnormal condition of fire (burning) Hematemesis: vomiting blood Regurgitation: Action of backward flow (nausea and vomiting)

Esophagus and Stomach Peptic (p/t the stomach) Ulcer Disease Stomach Cancer: usually begins in the glands within the gastric mucosa and is referred to gastric adenocarcinoma

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum Ileus: absence of peristalsis Intussusception: process of receiving within (see pg. 110) Volvulus: twisting of the intestine

Cecum and Colon Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix Colic: p/t the colon – crampy abdominal pain soon after eating Colon Cancer: cancerous tumor of the colon Diverticulum: weakness in wall of the colon where the mucosa form a pouch (see pg. 111)

Cecum and Colon Dysentery: (painful) condition of the intestine caused by an unusual strain of E. coli Gluten Enteropathy: food allergy causing disease of the intestine: celiac disease Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): chronic inflammation of various parts of the intestines: Crohn’s disease or regional enteritis

Cecum and Colon Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): cramping, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating and constipation caused by a spastic colon Polyp: Small, fleshy benign or pre-cancerous growth in the mucosa of the colon (see pg 113)

Rectum and Anus Hemorrhoids: swollen, protruding veins of the rectum Proctitis: inflammation of the rectum Rectocele: protruding wall of the rectum pushes on the adjacent vaginal wall, causing it to collapse.

Defecation and Feces Constipation: failure to have regular, soft bowel movements (having compacted feces) Diarrhea: complete flow or discharge Flatulence: state of excessive amounts of flatus (gas) Hematochezia: state of blood in the feces Incontinence: inability to control bowel movements (state of not hold together) Steatorrhea: Greasy, frothy, foul-smelling feces that contain undigested fat (discharge of fat)

Abdominal Wall & Cavity Adhesions: condition to stick to (fibrous bands that bind the intestines to other organs) Hernia: weakness in the muscles of the diaphragm or abdominal wall (see pg. 115) Peritonitis: inflammation of the peritoneum (see pg. 116)

Liver Ascites: accumulation of ascitic fluid in the abdominopelvic cavity Cirrhosis: (condition of yellow) caused by chronic inflammation of the liver leading to irreversible damage Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver Hepatomegaly: enlargement of the liver Jaundice: state of yellow

Gallbladder and Bile Ducts Cholangitis: Inflammation of the bile duct Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gall bladder Cholelithiasis: state of gall stone Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas

Exercises Pg. 134 -135: Anatomy and Physiology Circle Exercise True/False Sequencing Pg. 135: Diseases and Conditions Matching True/False

Medical and Surgical Procedures Nasogastric Tube Abdominocentesis Appendectomy Biopsy Bowel Resection and Anastomosis Cholecystectomy Choledocholithotomy Colostomy Endoscopy Exploratory Laparotomy

Medical and Surgical Procedures Gastrectomy Gastroplasty Gastrostomy Hemorrhoidectomy Herniorrhaphy Jejunostomy Liver Transplantation Polypectomy

Drug Categories Antacid Drugs: treat heartburn & peptic ulcer disease Antibiotic Drugs: treat GI infections Antidiarrheal Drugs: treat diarrhea Antiemetic Drugs: treat n/v H 2 Blocker Drugs: treat peptic ulcers by blocking triggers that release hydrochloric acid Laxative Drugs: treat constipation Proton Pump Inhibitor Drugs: treat heartburn, peptic ulcers and GERD by blocking the final step in the production of hydrochloric acid

Abbreviations ABD a. c. BE BM BS GERD GI HAV HBV IBD IBS LLQ LUQ N&V NPO p. c. RLQ RUQ UGI

Exercises Page 137: Building Medical Words Combining Forms Exercise #1 -30 Related Combining Forms Exercise #1 -5 Dividing Medical Words #1 -8