Garrett ApuzenIto Professor of Geophysics Department of Geology
- Slides: 12
Garrett Apuzen-Ito Professor of Geophysics Department of Geology & Geophysics SOEST, University of Hawaii-Manoa Objectives: I. Our Dynamic Earth Expressed through the 1) Overview plate tectonics & Earth’s major forms of volcanism Creation of the Philippine Archipelago 2) Summarize origin & evolution of the Philippine Archipelago
Plate Tectonics The rigid outer shell of the Earth, called the lithosphere, is broken up into many rigid segments of different sizes and shapes.
Plate Tectonics First evident in the continent jigsaw puzzle Present Day Pangaea (240 Myr ago)
Types of Plate Boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform
Plate Tectonics is the Surface Expression of Mantle Convection Upper mantle Hot (~3000 o. F), Ductile but (mostly) solid seafloor spreading subduction
How Fast Do the Plates Move? seafloor spreading Sloooowly: 1 -10 cm/yr subduction
How Long Did it Take to Create the Pacific Basin? seafloor spreading That’s about 100 Million yrs! At 10 cm/yr & life A 1000 x 1000 ofhuman 100 yrs Atime 1000 life human life times how much givesfinger 10 km gives 10, 000 km nail is grown? 10 m 1 -10 cm/yr subduction
Three Main Origins of Volcanism Mid-ocean ridge volcanism creates the seafloor. 60% of Earth’s surface!
Three Main Origins of Volcanism
Three Main Origins of Volcanism Arc volcanism behind subduction zones. “Pacific Ring of Fire”
Tectonic Environment of the Philippines
How to Prepare for your Talk 1) Collect and learn your material 2) Decide on your main points 3)Prepare slides that start lead your forward towards your main points 4) Practice (for effect, timing, performance) 5) Adjust your slides appropriately 6) Practice out loud to yourself
