Garden Botany Definitions Botany is the science or

Garden Botany

Definitions • Botany is the science or study of plants • Horticulture is the science and art of cultivating flowers, fruits, vegetables, grass, and ornamental plants in an orchard, garden, nursery or greenhouse. • From the Latin: Hortus (garden) and cultus (tilling)

Classifying Plants • Classification by: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Use Temperate Requirement Ecological Adaptation Taxonomy Stem and leaf structure Life Cycle

Classification by Use • EDIBLE – Fruits • Tree fruits • Small fruits – Vegetable • Warm season • Cool season – Herbs • Culinary • Medicinal – Nuts • ORNAMENTAL/LANDSCAPE – Woody Plants • Trees • Shrubs • Vines and ground covers – Herbaceous Plants • Flowers • Vines and ground covers – Grass

Classification by Temperate Requirement • • • Tropical plants vs. Temperate-zone plants Warm vs. Cool season plants Tender vs. Hardy plants Long day vs. Short day plants Cold hardiness zone plants

Classification by Ecological Adaptation • • • Alpine Prairie Ponderosa pine forest Pinyon/Juniper forest Riparian Xeric (dry)

Classification by Taxonomy • Plant Kingdom divided into two groups: – Non-vascular plants – Vascular plants • Nearly all plants in the garden are vascular

Classification by Taxonomy • Gymnosperms – Do not have true flowers – Seeds are enclosed in fruits – Most seeds are produced in cones

Classification by Taxonomy • Angiosperms – Produce flowers – Develop fruits that contain seeds – Can be divided into monocots and dicots

Classification by Taxonomy

Plant Evolution

Classification by Stem and Leaf Texture • • Herbaceous plants Woody plants Deciduous plants Evergreen plants Broadleaf Narrowleaf Grass-like Butterfly Bush, Woody stems Bee Balm, Herbaceous/non-woody stems Evergreen plants hold their leaves year-round Corn is a good example of broadleaf Deciduous plants shed their leaves every year Narrow leaf lavendar

Classification by Life Cycle • Annuals • Biennials • Perennials

PLANT PARTS • Roots • Stems • Leaves • Fruits • Flowers • Seeds

Roots • Absorb water and nutrients from soil • Anchor the plant • Provide support for stem • Store sugars and starches (needed for photosynthesis) • Source of winter survival for perennials • Fibrous roots vs. Tap roots

Stems • Connects roots to leaves • Supports buds and leaves • Phloem and xylem serve as channels in the stem for carrying water, minerals, and sugars to other plant parts. Xylem brings water up the stem, and Phloem sends water down. • Stems grow above or below the ground.

Leaves • Absorb sunlight energy to make food through the process of photosynthesis • Take up carbon dioxide and release oxygen • Store energy • Control water through transpiration • Simple or compound Photosynthesis water + CO sugar + O 2 2

Flowers • Showiest part of plants; fragrant and/or colorful to attract pollinators • Important for sexual reproduction • Self pollinating or cross pollinating

Fruit • Part of the plant that surrounds one or more seeds • Spread seeds • Attracts animals to help spread seeds

Seeds • Contain the information needed for a new plant to grow • Embryo • Endosperm • Seed coat