Gamification through Rewards Meaning and Play Scott Nicholson

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+ Gamification through Rewards, Meaning and Play Scott Nicholson Director, Because Play Matters Game

+ Gamification through Rewards, Meaning and Play Scott Nicholson Director, Because Play Matters Game Lab Associate Professor, School of Information Studies, Syracuse University Twitter: @snicholson

+ Gamification through Rewards, Meaning and Play Scott Nicholson Director, Brantford Games Network Professor

+ Gamification through Rewards, Meaning and Play Scott Nicholson Director, Brantford Games Network Professor of Games, Wilfrid Laurier University, Twitter: @snicholson

+ Overview n. What is gamification? n. BLAP gamification n. Design activity n. A

+ Overview n. What is gamification? n. BLAP gamification n. Design activity n. A RECIPE for Meaningful gamification n. Design Activity n. The Gamification Journey n. Reflection Twitter: @snicholson

+ What is Gamification? Gamification is the application of gameful or playful layers to

+ What is Gamification? Gamification is the application of gameful or playful layers to motivate engagement with a specific context Twitter: @snicholson Specific Context

+ Twitter: @snicholson http: //zamzee. com

+ Twitter: @snicholson http: //zamzee. com

+ Twitter: @snicholson http: //zamzee. com

+ Twitter: @snicholson http: //zamzee. com

+ Typical Gamification n. Taking something in the real world n. Adding a game-y

+ Typical Gamification n. Taking something in the real world n. Adding a game-y goal n. Developing a structure to support the goal n. Adding a reward Twitter: @snicholson

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Points (unit of control) Twitter: @snicholson

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Points (unit of control) Twitter: @snicholson

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Levels (progress in system) Points (unit of control) Twitter: @snicholson

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Levels (progress in system) Points (unit of control) Twitter: @snicholson

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Levels (progress in system) Points (unit of control) Leaderboards (competition)

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Levels (progress in system) Points (unit of control) Leaderboards (competition)

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Levels (progress in system) Points (unit of control) Achievements (additional

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Levels (progress in system) Points (unit of control) Achievements (additional paths) Leaderboards (competition)

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Levels (progress in system) Points (unit of control) Achievements (additional

+ Reward-based Gamification Process Levels (progress in system) Points (unit of control) Achievements (additional paths) Leaderboards (competition) Twitter: @snicholson Badges (public display)

+ BLAP Gamification n. Badges n. Levels / Leaderboards n. Achievements n. Points Twitter:

+ BLAP Gamification n. Badges n. Levels / Leaderboards n. Achievements n. Points Twitter: @snicholson

+ Creating a Point-based System n. Identify desired behaviors n. Connect behaviors with points

+ Creating a Point-based System n. Identify desired behaviors n. Connect behaviors with points n. Reward points with incentives n. Profit! Twitter: @snicholson

+ Levels – Single-player Journey Twitter: @snicholson

+ Levels – Single-player Journey Twitter: @snicholson

+ Leaderboards - Competition Twitter: @snicholson Taken Oct. 1, 2012 from https: //library. hud.

+ Leaderboards - Competition Twitter: @snicholson Taken Oct. 1, 2012 from https: //library. hud. ac. uk/lemontree/leaderboards. php

+ Different Types of Leaderboards n Everyone or a subgroup of people n Defined

+ Different Types of Leaderboards n Everyone or a subgroup of people n Defined by the creator n Defined by the user (friends) n Overall or specific to a task n Ongoing or reset n Reset every so often for everyone (once a week, all are reset) n Reset every seven days for each person (rolling resets) Twitter: @snicholson

+ Types of Achievements n Unusual (or usual) use cases n Exploration – Trying

+ Types of Achievements n Unusual (or usual) use cases n Exploration – Trying something new n Collection – Systematic exploration n Loyalty n Tutorials n Expected or Unexpected Twitter: @snicholson

+ Badges n Designed for public view (certification) n May be based upon achievements

+ Badges n Designed for public view (certification) n May be based upon achievements n Also based upon skills or interests n n n Informal learning New skills Different learning paths n Creates groups http: //www. buffalobrothers. net/images/badges-goldplating-xl. jpg Twitter: @snicholson

+ BLAP Summary n. Points n. Levels n. Leaderboards n. Achievements n. Badges Twitter:

+ BLAP Summary n. Points n. Levels n. Leaderboards n. Achievements n. Badges Twitter: @snicholson

+ "once you start giving someone a reward, you have to keep her in

+ "once you start giving someone a reward, you have to keep her in that reward loop forever" (p. 27). Twitter: @snicholson

+ n (lack of) Rewards punish n Rewards damage relationships n Rewards ignore reasons

+ n (lack of) Rewards punish n Rewards damage relationships n Rewards ignore reasons n Rewards discourage risk-taking Twitter: @snicholson

+ Rewards replace pre-existing interest Intrinsic Motivation Twitter: @snicholson Intrinsic Motivation Reward Intrinsic Motivation

+ Rewards replace pre-existing interest Intrinsic Motivation Twitter: @snicholson Intrinsic Motivation Reward Intrinsic Motivation

+ Decreasing impact of rewards Reward Volkow, N. D. , Wang, G. -J. ,

+ Decreasing impact of rewards Reward Volkow, N. D. , Wang, G. -J. , Fowler, J. S. , Tomasi, D. , Telang, F. and Baler, R. (2010), Addiction: Decreased reward sensitivity and increased expectation sensitivity conspire to overwhelm the brain's control circuit. Twitter: @snicholson Bioessays, 32: 748– 755. doi: 10. 1002/bies. 201000042

+ Survey of Fitocracy users n“Perceived enjoyment and usefulness of the gamification decline with

+ Survey of Fitocracy users n“Perceived enjoyment and usefulness of the gamification decline with use” Koivisto, J. & Hamari, J. (2014). Demographical differences in perceived benefits from gamification. Computers in Human Behavior. http: //dx. doi. org/10. 1016/j. chb. 2014. 03. 007 Twitter: @snicholson

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Motivation Twitter: @snicholson

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Motivation Twitter: @snicholson

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Motivation Twitter: @snicholson

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Motivation Twitter: @snicholson

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Short-Term Goals: - Making the Sale - Teaching

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Short-Term Goals: - Making the Sale - Teaching a Skill Motivation Twitter: @snicholson

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Motivation Long-Term Goals: - Changing Habits - Building

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Motivation Long-Term Goals: - Changing Habits - Building Loyalty Twitter: @snicholson

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Motivation Long-Term Goals: - Changing Habits - Building

+ The Gamification Backlash (Michael Wu) Motivation Long-Term Goals: - Changing Habits - Building Loyalty Twitter: @snicholson

+ Games are more than rewards Game = Form of Play with Goals and

+ Games are more than rewards Game = Form of Play with Goals and Structure Maroney, K. (2001). My entire waking life. The Games Journal, May. Retrieved from http: //www. thegamesjournal. com/articles/My. Entire. Waking. Life. shtml Twitter: @snicholson

+ Games are more than rewards n Game = Play + Goals + Structure

+ Games are more than rewards n Game = Play + Goals + Structure n Game – Play = Goals + Structure = n Reward-Based Gamification n Games Twitter: @snicholson without Play? ?

+ Meaningful Gamification n Make the context meaningful n Avoid incentives and rewards that

+ Meaningful Gamification n Make the context meaningful n Avoid incentives and rewards that replace intrinsic motivation n Use the gameful or playful layer to build intrinsic motivation Twitter: @snicholson

+ Making Gamification Meaningful n Give the player information n Put the PLAY back

+ Making Gamification Meaningful n Give the player information n Put the PLAY back in Player n Allow the player choices n And the ability to share choices n Make informed play the reward n Use external rewards sparingly n Put the player’s benefits first in design n Different players need different things Twitter: @snicholson

+ RECIPE for Meaningful Gamification n Reflection n Exposition n Choice n Information n

+ RECIPE for Meaningful Gamification n Reflection n Exposition n Choice n Information n Play n Engagement Twitter: @snicholson

+ Play n Optional n Freedom to explore (fail) with boundaries Twitter: @snicholson http:

+ Play n Optional n Freedom to explore (fail) with boundaries Twitter: @snicholson http: //www. unyta. com/pages/Erie. Canalway. Heritage. Tours. html/

+ Exposition n Player-driven narratives http: //education. mit. edu/blogs/datennes Twitter: @snicholson

+ Exposition n Player-driven narratives http: //education. mit. edu/blogs/datennes Twitter: @snicholson

+ Choice n Player-determined goals and milestones Twitter: @snicholson http: //nikeplus. nike. com/plus/running

+ Choice n Player-determined goals and milestones Twitter: @snicholson http: //nikeplus. nike. com/plus/running

+ Choice Badge Pathways by Carla Casilli - http: //carlacasilli. files. wordpress. com/2013/02/badgepathways. gif

+ Choice Badge Pathways by Carla Casilli - http: //carlacasilli. files. wordpress. com/2013/02/badgepathways. gif Twitter: @snicholson

+ Information n Explains the reasons behind the system Twitter: @snicholson http: //venturebeat. files.

+ Information n Explains the reasons behind the system Twitter: @snicholson http: //venturebeat. files. wordpress. com/2012/05/ sessionm-gamification. jpg? w=558&h=9999&crop=0

+ Engagement n Enhancing social connections and creating new ones Twitter: @snicholson https: //play.

+ Engagement n Enhancing social connections and creating new ones Twitter: @snicholson https: //play. rit. edu/

+ Reflection n Connecting activities to self Twitter: @snicholson http: //game. nypl. org/

+ Reflection n Connecting activities to self Twitter: @snicholson http: //game. nypl. org/

+ RECIPE for Meaningful Gamification n Reflection n Exposition n Choice n Information n

+ RECIPE for Meaningful Gamification n Reflection n Exposition n Choice n Information n Play n Engagement Twitter: @snicholson

+ Kim’s Player’s Journey Kim, A. (2013). The Player’s Journey: A 5 -Step Framework

+ Kim’s Player’s Journey Kim, A. (2013). The Player’s Journey: A 5 -Step Framework for Designing Engaging Experiences. Available online at http: //www. slideshare. net/amyjokim/players-journey-5 step-design. Twitter: @snicholson framework-for-longterm-engagement

+ Community of Practice http: //community. mis. temple. edu/ccrawford/files/2012/03/cop-picture 1. jpg Twitter: @snicholson

+ Community of Practice http: //community. mis. temple. edu/ccrawford/files/2012/03/cop-picture 1. jpg Twitter: @snicholson

+ Gameful and Playful Layers Meaningful Gamification Reward-based Gamification Twitter: @snicholson

+ Gameful and Playful Layers Meaningful Gamification Reward-based Gamification Twitter: @snicholson

+ The Gamification Journey • • Newbie Explorer • • Community of Practice Long-term

+ The Gamification Journey • • Newbie Explorer • • Community of Practice Long-term involvement in external context Enthusiast No Gamification Finding meaning Choosing paths Creating & Playing Reflecting Building Intrinsic Motivation Onboarding Attract through unmet needs Using Extrinsic Motivators sparingly Meaningful Gamification Reward-based Gamification Twitter: @snicholson

+ The Gamification Journey TL; DR n. Reject Rewards n. Make Motivation Meaningful n.

+ The Gamification Journey TL; DR n. Reject Rewards n. Make Motivation Meaningful n. Cultivate Communities Twitter: @snicholson

+ To Learn More http: //becauseplaymatters. com/pubs Twitter: @snicholson

+ To Learn More http: //becauseplaymatters. com/pubs Twitter: @snicholson